Exploration, conservation, & development of marine biodiversity in Fiji

探索、保护、

• 批准号: 7908261
• 负责人: MARK E HAY
• 金额: $ 3.09万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7908261
• 关键词: Exploration; conservation; development; marine; biodiversity

Our overall goals are to : (1) coordinate investigations of South Pacific organisms as pharmaceutical resources for treating diseases of importance in the Pacific Islands and United States and for novel bioenergy applications (2) support sustainable uses of the biodiversity upon which such bioprospecting depends, and (3) understand the processes degrading coral reef ecosystems and initiate locally-appropriate conservation measures to enhance reef resiliance to both local and global pressures, (4) leverage NIH, University of the South Pacific (USP), and other resources to develop the South Pacific Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Drug Discovery (SPCBCDD) into a self-sustaining institution serving the 12 countries that operate USP (Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu), and (5) develop "green" culturing of coral reef live rock as an environmentally appropriate and economically viable substiture for the present destructive practices of live rock mining from Fijian reefs. Drug discovery will focus on (1) phylogenetically distinct and chemically rich marine actinomycetes making metabolites that are active in biomedical screens and that hosts novel metabolic pathways valuable for sustainable energy development, and (2) on chemically-rich coral reef macroorganisms that commonly upregulate defensive chemistry in response to attack from natural enemies, simulated attack, or other stresses. Extracts from these organisms will be bioassayed against relevant models including: drug resistant bacteria, fungi, TB, Malaria, psychological disorders, and cancer. Additionally, we will evaluate patterns in tropical reef biodiversity and conduct field experiments to determine the relative impacts of common stresses (e.g., overfishing, nutrification) causing seaweed replacement of corals and precipitating the dramatic loss of biodiversity that is occurring on coral reefs world- wide. Toward this end we will identify the processes and mechanisms involved, elucidate those critical herbivores that control the most aggressive seaweeds, and work with village leaders to develop effective resource management strategies based on this scientific input. We will also continue developing a web based foundation we have created for funding conservation of Fijian coral reef and mangrove systems. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This project focuses on marine microbes and Fijian coral reef organisms as producers of biologically active secondary metabolites that can be developed as pharmaceuticals to address diseases of peoples of both the U.S. and developing countries, especially in the South Pacific. Additional goals are the conservation of biotic resources on coral reefs and economic development of coastal Fijian villages based on sustainable practices.

我们的总体目标是：（1）协调对南太平洋生物作为药物资源的调查 用于治疗太平洋群岛和美国的重要性疾病以及新颖的生物能源应用 （2）支持这种生物概况所依赖的生物多样性的可持续用途，并且（3）了解 这些过程降低了珊瑚礁生态系统并启动当地的保护措施 增强对地方和全球压力的珊瑚礁的弹性，（4）在南太平洋大学（USP）利用NIH， 以及开发南太平洋生物多样性保护与药物发现中心的其他资源 （SPCBCDD）进入一个自我维持的机构，为经营USP的12个国家 /地区服务（库克群岛，斐济， 基里巴蒂，马歇尔群岛，瑙鲁，纽埃，萨摩亚，所罗门群岛，托克劳，汤加，图瓦卢和瓦努阿图），以及（5） 开发对珊瑚礁活岩的“绿色”培养为环境适当且经济可行 从斐济礁的现有现场岩石开采的破坏性实践。药物发现将集中 在（1）系统发育上不同且化学丰富的海洋放线菌，使代谢产物活跃 生物医学屏幕和托管新型代谢途径对于可持续能源开发很有价值，并且 （2）在化学丰富的珊瑚礁宏观生物上，通常会上调防御性化学反应 自然敌人的攻击，模拟攻击或其他压力。这些生物的摘录将是 对相关模型的生物鉴定包括：耐药细菌，真菌，结核病，疟疾，心理疾病， 和癌症。此外，我们将评估热带礁生物多样性的模式，并进行现场实验 确定引起海藻的常见应力（例如，过度捕集，营养）的相对影响 替代珊瑚并引起珊瑚礁世界上发生的生物多样性的急剧丧失 - 宽的。为此，我们将确定所涉及的过程和机制，阐明这些过程和机制 控制最激进的海藻的草食动物，并与乡村领导人合作以发展有效 基于此科学意见的资源管理策略。我们还将继续开发基于网络的 我们为斐济珊瑚礁和红树林系统的资金保存而创建的基金会。 相关性（请参阅说明）： 该项目的重点是海洋微生物和斐济珊瑚礁生物作为生物活性的生产国 可以作为药物开发的二级代谢物，以解决两者的疾病 美国和发展中国家，特别是在南太平洋。其他目标是保护生物 基于可持续的珊瑚礁和沿海斐济村庄的经济发展的资源 实践。