Exploration, conservation, & development of marine biodiversity in Fiji

探索、保护、

• 批准号: 7929594
• 负责人: MARK E HAY
• 金额: $ 96.23万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-29 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7929594
• 关键词: Actinobacteria class; Actinomyces; Address; Algae; Area; Attitude; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Biological Assay; Biological Factors; Biomass; Chemicals; Chemistry; Communities; Cook Islands; Country; Developing Countries; Development; Disease; Ecology; Economic Development; Economics; Ecosystem; Education; Environment; Fiji; Fisheries; Fishes; Foundations; Funding; Generations; Genetic; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Growth; Habitats; Hydrocarbons; Incentives; Income; Industry; Institution; Internet; Investigation; Island; Kiribati; Life; Lipids; Maintenance; Malaria; Malignant Neoplasms; Marines; Marshall Islands; Measures; Mental disorders; Metabolic; Metabolic Pathway; Metabolism; Microbe; Microbiology; Mining; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Biology Techniques; Nauru; Niue; Online Systems; Organism; Pacific Islands; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmaceutical Resources; Pharmacologic Substance; Plants; Process; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research Infrastructure; Resources; Ribosomal RNA; Samoa; Screening procedure; Seaweed; Sequence Analysis; Simulate; Solomon Islands; Source; Stress; Surveys; Sustainable Development; System; Technology Transfer; Tissues; Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vanuatu; Water; Work; antimicrobial; base; coral; drug discovery; drug resistant bacteria; fungus; improved; microbial; novel; pathogen; pressure; prevent; research study; response; small molecule; sugar; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our overall goals are to : (1) coordinate investigations of South Pacific organisms as pharmaceutical resources for treating diseases of importance in the Pacific Islands and United States and for novel bioenergy applications (2) support sustainable uses of the biodiversity upon which such bioprospecting depends, and (3) understand the processes degrading coral reef ecosystems and initiate locally-appropriate conservation measures to enhance reef resiliance to both local and global pressures, (4) leverage NIH, University of the South Pacific (USP), and other resources to develop the South Pacific Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Drug Discovery (SPCBCDD) into a self-sustaining institution serving the 12 countries that operate USP (Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu), and (5) develop "green" culturing of coral reef live rock as an environmentally appropriate and economically viable substiture for the present destructive practices of live rock mining from Fijian reefs. Drug discovery will focus on (1) phylogenetically distinct and chemically rich marine actinomycetes making metabolites that are active in biomedical screens and that hosts novel metabolic pathways valuable for sustainable energy development, and (2) on chemically-rich coral reef macroorganisms that commonly upregulate defensive chemistry in response to attack from natural enemies, simulated attack, or other stresses. Extracts from these organisms will be bioassayed against relevant models including: drug resistant bacteria, fungi, TB, Malaria, psychological disorders, and cancer. Additionally, we will evaluate patterns in tropical reef biodiversity and conduct field experiments to determine the relative impacts of common stresses (e.g., overfishing, nutrification) causing seaweed replacement of corals and precipitating the dramatic loss of biodiversity that is occurring on coral reefs worldwide. Toward this end we will identify the processes and mechanisms involved, elucidate those critical herbivores that control the most aggressive seaweeds, and work with village leaders to develop effective resource management strategies based on this scientific input. We will also continue developing a web based foundation we have created for funding conservation of Fijian coral reef and mangrove systems.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的总体目标是：（1）协调对南太平洋生物作为治疗太平洋群岛和美国重要性疾病的药物资源的调查，以及新型的生物能源应用（2）支持生物多样性的可持续用途，在此期间，这种生物观点依赖于依赖的生物疗法，并且（3）启动了加入型的良好及时的良好及时的水平 - 及以上的良好层次 - 及以上的良好层次和肯定层次的肯定肯定肯定的肯定是 measures to enhance reef resiliance to both local and global pressures, (4) leverage NIH, University of the South Pacific (USP), and other resources to develop the South Pacific Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Drug Discovery (SPCBCDD) into a self-sustaining institution serving the 12 countries that operate USP (Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Samoa,所罗门群岛，汤加，图瓦卢和瓦努阿图）以及（5）开发了珊瑚礁活岩的“绿色”培养，作为一种环境适当且经济上可行的造型，以实现斐济礁的现场现场岩石采矿的破坏性实践。药物发现将集中于（1）在生物医学筛查中活跃的代谢物的系统发育区别且富含化学的海洋放线菌，并托管具有可持续能量发展的新型代谢途径，（2）在化学丰富的珊瑚珊瑚礁宏观机构上，通常会强调，对防御性化学的攻击通常会攻击自然，或者是其他模拟的攻击。这些生物体的提取物将针对相关模型进行生物测定，包括：耐药细菌，真菌，结核病，疟疾，心理疾病和癌症。此外，我们将评估热带珊瑚礁生物多样性和进行现场实验的模式，以确定导致珊瑚海藻替代的常见应力（例如，过度捕获，营养）的相对影响，并促进了全球珊瑚礁发生的巨大生物多样性丧失。为此，我们将确定所涉及的过程和机制，阐明那些控制最具侵略性海藻的关键草食动物，并与乡村领导人合作，根据该科学意见制定有效的资源管理策略。我们还将继续为斐济珊瑚礁和红树林系统的资金保存创建基于网络的基础。