A dual-layer flat panel x-ray detector based on an engineered amorphous chalcogenide alloy for quantifying coronary artery calcium

基于工程非晶硫属化物合金的双层平板 X 射线探测器，用于量化冠状动脉钙

• 批准号: 10698174
• 负责人: Shiva Abbaszadeh
• 金额: $ 50.06万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-07 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10698174
• 关键词: Alloys; Arterial Fatty Streak; Arteries; Artificial Intelligence; Bone Density; Calcium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Cessation of life; Charge; Clinical; Convection; Coronary Arteriosclerosis; Coupled; Data; Decision Making; Descriptor; Detection; Development; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Early Intervention; Engineering; Event; Future; Healthcare; Heart; Heart Diseases; Image; Imaging Techniques; Imaging technology; Location; Low Dose Radiation; Manufacturer; Medical Imaging; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Morphologic artifacts; Motion; Motivation; Optics; Osteoporosis; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Performance; Physics; Population; Predictive Factor; Preventive healthcare; Probability; Property; Radiation; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resource-limited setting; Roentgen Rays; Selenium; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Thermal Conductivity; Thoracic Radiography; Time; Training; Tuberculosis; Vascular blood supply; X-Ray Computed Tomography; X-Ray Medical Imaging; artificial intelligence algorithm; automated algorithm; calcification; cardiovascular risk factor; commercialization; coronary artery calcification; coronary artery calcium; cost; density; design; detection sensitivity; detector; digital; early detection biomarkers; electric field; experience; heart imaging; heart motion; image guided; image processing; imager; improved; innovation; lung cancer screening; machine learning algorithm; mortality; novel; operation; population based; quantum; radiological imaging; respiratory; screening; segmentation algorithm; soft tissue; standard of care; success

PROJECT ABSTRACT Heart disease is extremely prevalent, with about one in every four deaths (in the US) being attributed to heart disease. Early detection of cardiovascular events, especially before patients become symptomatic, has immense impact in preventive healthcare, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. Coronary artery calcification (CAC), a strong predictor for future cardiovascular events, is a component of atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, leading to coronary artery disease (CAD). Identification of CAC is clinically important because it is used for cardiovascular risk and therapy decision making. Currently, CAC is quantified by computed tomography (CT), however, CT-based population screening is not widely utilized due to cost and radiation burden. Chest x-rays (CXR) are the most common medical imaging procedure and have higher availability than CT in low-resource settings, lower radiation dose, and higher patient throughput that could be used for screening purposes. Unfortunately, due to the lack of quantification in CXR, only qualitative descriptors are possible. The objective of this proposal is therefore to bring much-needed quantification to CXR, particularly for detecting and quantifying CAC by combining a new dual-layer x-ray detector and artificial-intelligence based image processing. The proposed dual-layer detector utilizes alloys of amorphous selenium (a-Se) that achieve favorable electro-optical properties (e.g., higher charge carrier mobilities and higher gain) compared to conventional a-Se based x-ray detectors. This technology has four major components: (1) a top layer direct convection a-Se alloys on an imaging backplane, (2) a bottom layer indirect conversion a-Se alloy with intrinsic gain on an imaging backplane coupled to a scintillator, (3) top panel and bottom panel integration into a dual-layer detector, and (4) a machine learning algorithm that enhances accuracy of the quantitative information from the dual-layer detector. The detector development leverages a mature platform from Varex Imaging, a leading manufacturer of x-ray detectors. We expect to show that the proposed system has higher spatial resolution images and higher sensitivity to detect small, high contrast features (calcifications) and to separate materials such as calcium from soft tissue. This approach will allow accurate quantification of predictive factors and will have immense impact in proactive healthcare, improving the clinical outcomes of patients, and reducing the number of deaths associated with cardiovascular disease. While our focus is on CAC, we expect this technology to broadly improve CXR for early detection of lung cancer, tuberculosis, and other diseases such as osteoporosis via quantification of bone mineral density.

项目摘要 心脏病极为普遍，大约四分之一的死亡（在美国）归因于心脏病 疾病。早期发现心血管事件，特别是在患者出现症状之前，具有巨大的意义 对预防保健的影响，降低与心血管疾病相关的发病率和死亡率。 冠状动脉钙化（CAC）是未来心血管事件的有力预测因子，是 为心脏供血的动脉中动脉粥样硬化斑块积聚，导致冠状动脉疾病 （CAD）。 CAC 的识别具有重要的临床意义，因为它可用于心血管风险和治疗决策 制作。目前，CAC 通过计算机断层扫描 (CT) 进行量化，但是基于 CT 的人群筛查 由于成本和辐射负担，尚未广泛使用。胸部 X 光检查 (CXR) 是最常见的医学成像 且在资源匮乏、辐射剂量较低和患者人数较多的情况下比 CT 具有更高的可用性 可用于筛选目的的吞吐量。不幸的是，由于 CXR 缺乏量化， 仅定性描述符是可能的。因此，该提案的目标是带来急需的 CXR 定量，特别是通过结合新的双层 X 射线来检测和定量 CAC 探测器和基于人工智能的图像处理。所提出的双层探测器采用合金 非晶硒 (a-Se) 具有良好的电光特性（例如，更高的载流子 与传统的基于 a-Se 的 X 射线探测器相比，具有更高的迁移率和更高的增益）。该技术主要有四大 组件：(1) 成像背板上的顶层直接对流 a-Se 合金，(2) 底层间接 转换 a-Se 合金，在与闪烁体耦合的成像背板上具有固有增益，(3) 顶部面板和 底部面板集成到双层探测器中，以及 (4) 提高准确性的机器学习算法 来自双层检测器的定量信息。探测器的开发利用了成熟的 来自 X 射线探测器领先制造商 Varex Imaging 的平台。我们希望表明所提议的 系统具有更高的空间分辨率图像和更高的灵敏度来检测小的、高对比度的特征 （钙化）以及从软组织中分离钙等物质。这种方法将允许准确 预测因素的量化将对主动医疗保健产生巨大影响，改善临床 患者的结果，并减少与心血管疾病相关的死亡人数。虽然我们的 重点是 CAC，我们期望这项技术能够广泛改善 CXR 以实现肺癌的早期检测， 通过骨矿物质密度的量化来诊断结核病和骨质疏松症等其他疾病。