ORGANIZATION OF EXTRASTRIATE VISUAL CORTEX

外纹视觉皮层的组织

• 批准号: 2395368
• 负责人: Helen A. Sherk
• 金额: $ 19.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-07-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2395368
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; binocular vision; brain mapping; cats; chordate locomotion; computer simulation; electrophysiology; experimental brain lesion; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurons; orientation; retinal adaptation; single cell analysis; visual cortex; visual feedback; visual fields; visual pathways; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (adapted from abstract): Vision plays an essential role during normal locomotion. In elderly people, decreased visual capacity is a major contributing factor to falls that often result in serious injury. The present proposal has two goals. First, the intent is to explore the neural mechanism underlying visual analysis during locomotion in an animal model. Second, the aim is to investigate visual function during locomotion. The cat will be used as a model both for electrophysiological study of single neurons and in behavioral testing. The cat is suitable for several reasons. First, the area of visual cortex to be targeted, LS, closely resembles a well-studied area of primate cortex, MT. Second, cats, like humans, locomote across 2-dimensional substrates and thus face similar challenges during locomotion. Third, cats are good subjects for behavioral assessment of visual function during locomotion; they are extremely sure-footed and use visual cues to guide paw placement when traversing a cluttered environment. To test the role of neurons in LS in visual guidance of locomotion, a novel stimulus display system has been developed. Computer-generated "optic flow" movies, 65x62 deg in size, are used that simulate the view of a cat locomoting through a natural environment. A wide range of such movies has been developed. To explore the mechanism by which neurons respond to particular objects embedded in optic flow movies, movies will be used in which the retinal acceleration and speed of objects relative to background will be manipulated independently. To investigate why normal direction-selectivity appears to be suppressed when viewing optic flow movies, the optic flow background will be altered, resulting in both plausible optic flow (as when the cat tracks a point on the ground) and anomalous flow (as when acceleration or expansion cues are eliminated). To see whether neurons respond selectively when the cat makes a turn, movies simulating left and right turns of various sizes will be used. Finally, we will test whether neurons respond to small objects and irregularities directly in the cat's path that cause adjustment in paw placement during real locomotion. Behavioral experiments will explore the range of objects and irregularities that cause stride adjustment. Most importantly, they will be used to test visual function during locomotion after lesions of LS to directly assess this area's contribution to visual guidance of locomotion.

描述（根据摘要改编）：视觉在 正常的运动。 在老年人中，视觉能力下降是主要的 导致跌倒的因素通常会导致严重伤害。 这 目前的提议有两个目标。 首先，目的是探索神经 动物模型的运动过程中的视觉分析的机制。 其次，目的是研究运动过程中的视觉功能。 这 CAT将用作单个单个电生理研究的模型 神经元和行为测试。 这只猫的原因是多种原因。 首先，要靶向的视觉皮层面积，与一个相似 灵长类动物皮质的良好区域，山。 第二，猫，像人类一样 跨二维底物的机车，因此面临类似的挑战 在运动期间。 第三，猫是行为评估的好主题 运动期间的视觉功能；他们非常肯定并使用 视觉提示在穿越混乱的环境时引导爪子放置。 为了测试神经元在LS中的作用在运动引导中，这是一种新颖 刺激显示系统已经开发。 计算机生成的“光流” 电影的大小为65x62度，用于模拟猫的视图 在自然环境中发挥作用。 各种各样的电影有 已开发。 探索神经元反应的机制 嵌入光流电影中的特定对象，电影将用于 相对于背景的视网膜加速度和对象的速度 将独立操纵​​。 调查为什么正常 查看视光流程时，方向选择性似乎会受到抑制 电影，光流背景将被更改，两者都会导致 合理的视觉流（如猫在地面上跟踪一个点时）和 异常流（如消除加速度或扩展提示时）。 到 查看猫轮到猫时是否有选择性地反应 将使用各种尺寸的左右转弯。 最后，我们 将测试神经元是否响应小物体和不规则性 直接在猫的路径中引起爪子放置的调整 真正的运动。 行为实验将探索对象的范围 以及导致大步调整的不规则性。 最重要的是，他们 在LS病变后移动期间将用于测试视觉功能 直接评估该领域对视觉指导的贡献 运动。