Application of novel biomarkers to measure health impacts of anthropogenic change in the Amazon

应用新型生物标志物测量亚马逊地区人为变化对健康的影响

• 批准号: 10264068
• 负责人: Beth Feingold
• 金额: $ 14.66万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-18 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10264068
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adopted; Adoption; Adult; Alaska Native; Animals; Area; Assessment tool; Biological Markers; Biomarker of Dietary Intake; Blood Pressure; Brazil; Canes; Carbon; Cardiometabolic Disease; Cardiovascular system; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Chickens; Child; Cholesterol; Communities; Complex; Country; Data; Deforestation; Development; Diet; Diet Surveys; Dietary Assessment; Dietary Practices; Dietary intake; Discipline; Disease; Ecosystem; Enrollment; Environmental Health; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Farming environment; Fibrinogen; Fishes; Food; Food Patterns; Glycosylated hemoglobin A; Goals; Hair; Health; Height; High Density Lipoproteins; Household; Income; Individual; Korea; Life Style; Low-Density Lipoproteins; Manihot; Measures; Mentors; Mercury; Mining; Mission; Modeling; Nitrogen; Nutritional; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Peru; Peruvian; Policy Developments; Population; Populations at Risk; Positioning Attribute; Potato; Prevention strategy; Program Development; Proteins; Proxy; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Rivers; Rural; Sampling; Scientist; Shoulder; Sterile coverings; Strategic Planning; Surveys; Testing; Training; Triglycerides; Urbanization; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Vulnerable Populations; Waist-Hip Ratio; Weight; Work; anthropogenesis; base; beef; cardiometabolic risk; cohort; comparison group; data cleaning; dietary; disorder prevention; disorder risk; epidemiology study; global health; improved; infrastructure development; interest; international center; low and middle-income countries; next generation; novel; novel marker; nutrition; population health; prevent; stable isotope; sugar; western diet

Project Summary / Abstract Cardiometabolic diseases are largely preventable but have remained the leading cause death worldwide for over 15 years. Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) shoulder an increasing majority of this burden. Though often overlooked, rural, remote LMIC regions, such as the Amazon rainforest, are of particular interest as they are undergoing massive anthropogenic changes (i.e. resource extraction, infrastructure development and rapid ur- banization) and as a result, have increasing availability of, and access to, the Western Diet. Addressing diet- related health risks associated with the demographic and nutritional transitions in these LMIC regions is crucial, but has been limited by the lack of quantitative biomarkers to measure dietary intake. Two promising non- invasive biomarkers for this application are carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (CIR and NIR). The CIR is elevated in key components (corn, sugar cane) of the Western, but not the traditional Amazonian (cassava, potatoes) diet. In contrast, the NIR is elevated in fish, a key traditional protein, but is not in animal-based foods characteristic of Westernization (e.g. farmed chicken, beef). Thus, CIR and NIR, which are potentially more sensitive and less biased than diet surveys, can provide objective enculturation proxies. While CIR and NIR have demonstrated associations with cardiometabolic risks in upper income countries, the associations in LMIC have yet to be investigated. The central hypothesis of this study is that CIR and NIR reflect the changing epidemio- logical profiles associated with urbanization and infrastructure development in a nutritionally transitioning popu- lations. The objective of this proposal is to evaluate changes in adult dietary patterns and cardiometabolic dis- ease risk profiles (hbA1C, HDL-C, LDL-C, height, weight, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, and triglycerides) as- sociated with the construction of the Interoceanic Highway (IOH) through Peru's Southern Amazon by measuring these biomarkers of the nutrition transition and complementary dietary survey data. This study leverages two related studies that draw from the same population (combined cohort n=1958) with well-suited highway-adjacent and riverine comparison groups in varying stages of nutrition transition. Aim 1 tests the association between highway exposure and household level western diet adoption using stored samples from 2014. Aim 2 and Aim 3 follow the cohort forward in 2021 to test whether CIR and NIR are associated with cardiometabolic risks factors in the Amazon (Aim 2) and whether large-scale anthropogenic change modifies the diet-disease relationship (Aim 3) using stratified random effects models to account for household and community clustering. The expected contribution of this research is improved understanding of the specific changes in the dietary drivers of cardi- ometabolic disease risks associated with infrastructure development in remote LMIC regions by using novel unbiased dietary assessment tools. This work substantially adds to the limited body of evidence on novel bi- omarkers of the nutrition and transition. It and could apply to other areas undergoing infrastructure development and contribute to effective disease prevention strategies.

项目概要/摘要 心脏代谢疾病在很大程度上是可以预防的，但多年来一直是全球死亡的主要原因 15 年。中低收入国家（LMIC）承担着越来越多的这一负担。虽然经常 被忽视的农村、偏远中低收入国家地区，例如亚马逊雨林，特别令人感兴趣，因为它们 正在经历大规模的人为变化（即资源开采、基础设施发展和快速的城市化） 禁止化），因此，西方饮食的可用性和获取机会越来越多。解决饮食问题—— 与这些中低收入国家地区的人口和营养转变相关的健康风险至关重要， 但由于缺乏测量饮食摄入量的定量生物标志物而受到限制。两个有前途的非 该应用的侵入性生物标志物是碳和氮稳定同位素比（CIR 和 NIR）。 CIR 是 西方的关键成分（玉米、甘蔗）有所升高，但传统的亚马逊（木薯、 土豆）饮食。相比之下，鱼类（一种重要的传统蛋白质）中的 NIR 升高，但动物性食品中的 NIR 却没有升高 西化的特征（例如养殖鸡肉、牛肉）。因此，CIR 和 NIR 可能更 比饮食调查更敏感且偏见更少，可以提供客观的文化适应指标。虽然 CIR 和 NIR 有 已证明与高收入国家的心脏代谢风险相关，中低收入国家的相关性 尚待调查。本研究的中心假设是 CIR 和 NIR 反映了流行病学的变化 与人口营养转型中的城市化和基础设施发展相关的逻辑概况 关系。该提案的目的是评估成人饮食模式和心脏代谢紊乱的变化 缓解风险状况（hbA1C、HDL-C、LDL-C、身高、体重、腰臀比、血压和甘油三酯）： 通过测量，参与了穿过秘鲁南亚马逊的跨洋高速公路（IOH）的建设 这些营养转变的生物标志物和补充膳食调查数据。这项研究利用了两个 相关研究来自同一人群（合并队列 n=1958），且毗邻高速公路 以及处于营养转型不同阶段的河流比较组。目标 1 测试之间的关联 使用 2014 年存储的样本进行高速公路暴露和家庭水平西方饮食采用情况。目标 2 和目标 3 在 2021 年跟踪该队列，测试 CIR 和 NIR 是否与心脏代谢风险因素相关 亚马逊地区（目标 2）以及大规模的人为变化是否改变了饮食与疾病的关系 （目标 3）使用分层随机效应模型来解释家庭和社区聚类。预期的 这项研究的贡献是提高了对心脏病饮食驱动因素具体变化的了解 通过使用新颖的方法来评估与偏远中低收入国家地区基础设施发展相关的代谢疾病风险 公正的饮食评估工具。这项工作大大增加了关于新颖双性恋的有限证据。 营养和转变的标志物。它也可以适用于正在进行基础设施开发的其他领域 并为有效的疾病预防策略做出贡献。