Imaging Human Brain Function with Minimal Mobility Restrictions

在最小的移动限制下对人脑功能进行成像

• 批准号: 10240647
• 负责人: MICHAEL GARWOOD
• 金额: $ 149.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-30 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10240647
• 关键词: Address; Animal Model; Architecture; Automobile Driving; BRAIN initiative; Barium; Behavior; Brain; Brain imaging; Clinical; Cognition; Complex; Computer software; Copper; Diagnosis; Discipline; Disease; Environment; Freedom; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Head; Health; Helium; High temperature of physical object; Human; Human body; Image; Imaging Techniques; Imaging technology; Immobilization; Infrastructure; Injury; Institution; Liquid substance; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mental disorders; Methods; Monoclonal Antibody R24; Motion; Motor; Movement; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Oxides; Parkinsonian Disorders; Patients; Persons; Pilot Projects; Planet Earth; Population; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Research Personnel; Resolution; Shoulder; Signal Transduction; Site; Stroke; Structure; Study Subject; Supination; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Tube; Variant; Weight; base; design; developmental disease; digital; feeding; high resolution imaging; human imaging; image reconstruction; imaging approach; imaging modality; imaging system; interest; irradiation; light weight; magnetic field; motor deficit; multidisciplinary; portability; prototype; radio frequency; reconstruction; relating to nervous system; spatiotemporal; tool

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by offering the sole means of imaging human brain structure and activity with high spatial resolution, has evolved into an indispensable tool for studying brain function in health and disease. It is uniquely suited to examining the neural basis of higher order behaviors and cognition, as well as neurodegenerative and developmental disorders, for which animal models are of limited applicability. Yet, because of current experimental limitations, there is wide range of subjects and human behaviors that are completely inaccessible by MRI techniques. MRI currently depends on large, expensive, and fixed scanners in which subjects must remain motionless for long periods of time within a confined horizontal space. Thus any behavior involving motion, and especially those involving the upright real-time interaction with objects in natural environments, cannot be studied. Such studies are of enormous scientific interest, for example, in understanding the neuronal basis of motor planning, but also of considerable practical and clinical importance in order to eventually understand and address the motor deficits associated with injury, stroke, or disease which preclude everyday behaviors as important as feeding and reaching. Of particular relevance in this regard is the large population of people with limited ambulatory or vestibular function or difficulty in maintaining posture or smooth movements for which the requirements of remaining motionless in a horizontal space preclude MRI. There is thus an urgent need for a brain imaging technology that is more portable and less restricting than current MRI scanners. One way to address these issues is to decrease the size of the MRI magnet to make a head-only system which does not confine the body, but this approach leads to drastically reduced static field (B0) homogeneity which, with current technologies, precludes high resolution imaging. Now, with the support from BRAIN Initiative grant R24 MH105998, we have addressed the problem by developing new hardware, as well as new acquisition and reconstruction methods, capable of producing high quality brain images despite extreme B0 inhomogeneity. The goal of this U01 project is to build upon these efforts by designing, building, and validating the first-ever human MRI scanner requiring only the head to be inside the magnet bore and having a large window for viewing outside the magnet bore. The small size, weight, and power requirements of this 1.5 Tesla MRI system will enable it to be transported and sited almost anywhere in the world and will be able to bring the magnet to the subject rather than the other way around. To achieve this, a team of leading experts from multiple disciplines and institutions has been assembled. The hardware and software components of this revolutionary MRI system will be constructed and debugged in the first 2 years of the project, the system will be assembled and tested in years 3- 4, and finally in year 5, the MRI system will be piloted in a first of its kind study of motor coordination and planning during natural reaching behaviors.

磁共振成像（MRI），通过提供成像人脑的唯一手段 具有高空间分辨率的结构和活动已演变为必不可少的工具 研究健康和疾病中的大脑功能。它非常适合检查神经基础 高阶行为和认知以及神经退行性和发展 疾病，对哪些动物模型的适用性有限。但是，由于目前 实验局限性，有广泛的主题和人类行为是 MRI技术完全无法访问。 MRI目前取决于大型，昂贵，并且 固定扫描仪，其中受试者必须长时间长时间保持一动不动的扫描仪 狭窄的水平空间。因此，任何涉及运动的行为，尤其是涉及运动的行为 无法研究与自然环境中物体的直立实时互动。这样的 例如，在理解神经元基础上，研究具有巨大的科学兴趣 电动机计划，但也具有相当大的实用和临床重要性 了解并解决与受伤，中风或疾病相关的运动缺陷 排除与喂养和触及一样重要的日常行为。在 这方面是大量的卧床或前庭功能或前庭功能有限的人 难以维持姿势或平稳运动的要求 在水平空间中静止不动。因此，迫切需要大脑成像 与当前的MRI扫描仪相比，技术更便携，限制更少。一种方法 解决这些问题是减小MRI磁铁的大小以制造一个唯一的系统 这不限制身体，但是这种方法会大大减少静态场（B0） 同质性，随着当前的技术而排除了高分辨率成像。现在，与 Brain Initiative Grant R24 MH105998的支持，我们通过 开发新的硬件以及能够的新的采集和重建方法 尽管B0极端不均匀性，但仍会产生高质量的大脑图像。这个U01的目标 项目是通过设计，构建和验证有史以来第一个人类来建立这些努力 MRI扫描仪只要求头部在磁铁孔内并有一个大窗户 用于在磁铁孔外观看。该1.5的尺寸小，重量和功率要求 特斯拉MRI系统将使其能够被运输和位置，几乎是世界上任何地方的 将能够将磁铁带到主题上，而不是相反。为此， 一支来自多个学科和机构的领先专家团队已经组装。这 将构建此革命性MRI系统的硬件和软件组件，并 在项目的前两年进行调试，该系统将在3-年内组装和测试 4，最后在5年级，MRI系统将在此类电机的第一个研究中进行试验 在自然到达行为期间的协调和计划。

项目成果

Ethical Issues Posed by Field Research Using Highly Portable and Cloud-Enabled Neuroimaging.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.041
• 发表时间: 2020-03-04
• 期刊: Neuron
• 影响因子: 16.2
• 作者: Shen FX;Wolf SM;Gonzalez RG;Garwood M
• 通讯作者: Garwood M

Two-dimensional frequency-swept pulse with resilience to both B1 and B0 inhomogeneity.

二维扫频脉冲具有抗 B1 和 B0 不均匀性的能力。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.12.017
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
• 作者: Mullen,Michael;Kobayashi,Naoharu;Garwood,Michael
• 通讯作者: Garwood,Michael

Expanding access to magnetic resonance education through open-source web tutorials.

通过开源网络教程扩大磁共振教育的范围。

• DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5109
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: NMR in biomedicine
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Tong,Gehua;Ananth,Rishi;VaughanJr,JohnThomas;Geethanath,Sairam
• 通讯作者: Geethanath,Sairam

Accelerated imaging with segmented 2D pulses using parallel imaging and virtual coils.

使用并行成像和虚拟线圈通过分段二维脉冲加速成像。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.001
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
• 作者: Mullen,Michael;Gutierrez,Alexander;Kobayashi,Naoharu;Haupt,Jarvis;Garwood,Michael
• 通讯作者: Garwood,Michael

Ultra-low frequency EPR using longitudinal detection and fictitious-field modulation.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106855
• 发表时间: 2020-12
• 期刊: Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
• 作者: Tang X;Suddarth S;Qian G;Garwood M
• 通讯作者: Garwood M