Environments, Preferences and Childhood Obesity: Evidence From a Natural Experiment

环境、偏好和儿童肥胖：来自自然实验的证据

基本信息

批准号：
10092318
负责人：
ASHLESHA DATAR
金额：
$ 1.65万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-28 至 2021-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10092318
关键词：
13 year old Address Adolescent Adolescent obesity Aging Attention Behavior Body Composition Body Weight Characteristics Child Data Data Collection Diet Environment Ethnic Origin Exercise Family Funding Future Gender Goals Health Health behavior Heterogeneity Home environment Individual Intervention Joints Link Literature Location Measures Methods Military Personnel Natural experiment Neighborhoods Obesity Outcome Parents Persons Phase Play Policies Population Public Health Race Research Design Risk Role Self-control as a personality trait Source Subgroup Surveys Teenagers Time United States National Institutes of Health Variant Work base behavioral outcome cohort diet and exercise experience experimental study high school innovation intergenerational longitudinal analysis novel nutrition obesity in children obesogenic policy implication preference socioeconomics

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Child and adolescent obesity continue to be serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Recently, the role of the built- and policy (B&P) environments in contributing to diet, activity and BMI has received significant attention. But, evaluating these relationships is challenging due to concerns about selection and heterogeneity. Individuals select neighborhoods based on preferences towards health and other factors, which may bias estimates. Because random assignment is infeasible, experts have called for natural- and quasi- experimental methods that leverage exogenous variation. Moreover, environments may not affect all individuals equally and can average out to small or null effects, yielding misleading conclusions. Such heterogeneity has thus far only been examined by demographic characteristics. However, evidence on environments’ effects is mixed even within these subgroups, suggesting that other factors may be at work. An emerging literature suggests that time-and risk (T&R) preferences (e.g. future-orientation and risk-aversion) may play such a role. T&R preferences vary considerably and have been linked with health behaviors. Therefore, it is possible that individuals who vary in their future-orientation and risk-aversion are differentially impacted by the B&P environment. However, to our knowledge, this has not been examined empirically. Adolescents represent a key subpopulation in which to study these issues; their obesity rates have quadrupled during the past thirty years, and their T&R preferences, health behaviors, and interactions with the B&P environment are evolving towards independence, making this a critical time for interventions. Our goal is to exploit a rare opportunity to estimate the effects of B&P environments on obesogenic behaviors and outcomes among adolescents while addressing selection and heterogeneity. We propose to expand our NIH-funded Military Teenagers’ Environment, Exercise, and Nutrition Study (M- TEENS), which leveraged a natural experiment due to the compulsory (re)location of Army families. M-TEENS collected up to 3 waves of data on diet, activity and BMI from 1519 12-13 year old children in Army families. Our proposed extension will collect 2 additional waves of data (2017 & 2018), yielding a 5-year longitudinal panel with rarely-available exogenous within-child changes in the B&P environment. A novel contribution of the proposed study is the examination of whether the environment’s effects vary by adolescents’ and their parents’ T&R preferences. This is a time-sensitive application; our cohort will complete high-school at the end of the proposed data collection, making their relocations and, therefore environments, less exogenous thereafter. This study is likely to have a high impact because it addresses a highly significant health issue, combines a natural experiment study design with longitudinal data, and is highly innovative in its focus on the role of adolescents’ and parents’ preferences in understanding environments’ effects.

项目概要近年来，儿童和青少年肥胖仍然是21世纪严重的公共卫生挑战。建筑环境和政策 (B&P) 环境在饮食、活动和 BMI 方面的作用已得到认可但是，由于对选择和选择的担忧，评估这些关系具有挑战性。个人根据健康偏好和其他因素选择社区。由于随机分配是不可行的，专家呼吁采用自然分配和准分配。此外，环境可能不会影响所有因素。个体平等，并且可以平均化较小或无效的影响，从而产生误导性的结论。迄今为止，异质性仅通过人口特征进行了检验。即使在这些亚组中，环境的影响也是复杂的，这表明其他因素可能也在起作用。新兴文献表明，时间和风险 (T&R) 偏好（例如未来导向和风险规避） T&R 偏好可能会发挥很大的作用，并且与健康行为相关。因此，未来导向和风险厌恶程度不同的个体可能会存在差异。然而，据我们所知，这尚未经过实证检验。青少年是研究这些问题的关键人群，他们的肥胖率已翻了两番；过去三十年中的情况，以及他们的 T&R 偏好、健康行为以及与 B&P 的互动环境正在朝着独立的方向发展，这使得现在成为干预的关键时刻。利用难得的机会来估计 B&P 环境对肥胖的影响青少年的行为和结果，同时解决选择和异质性问题。建议扩大美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 资助的军事青少年环境、运动和营养研究 (M- M-TEENS），它利用了由于军队家庭强制（重新）安置而进行的自然实验。收集了多达 3 波陆军家庭 1519 名 12-13 岁儿童的饮食、活动和 BMI 数据。我们提议的扩展将额外收集 2 波数据（2017 年和 2018 年），从而产生 5 年纵向数据小组在 B&P 环境中罕见的外源性儿童内部变化。拟议的研究旨在检验环境对青少年及其行为的影响是否有所不同父母的 T&R 偏好是一个时间敏感的申请；我们的学生将在以下学校完成高中学业：拟议数据收集的结束，使他们的搬迁以及环境的外生性减少此后这项研究可能会产生很大的影响，因为它解决了一个非常重要的健康问题，将自然实验研究设计与纵向数据相结合，在关注青少年和父母的偏好在理解环境影响方面的作用。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Association of Place With Adolescent Obesity.

地方与青少年肥胖协会。

DOI：
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1329
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
JAMA pediatrics
影响因子：
26.1
作者：
Datar,Ashlesha;Nicosia,Nancy;Mahler,Amy;Prados,MariaJ;Ghosh-Dastidar,Madhumita
通讯作者：
Ghosh-Dastidar,Madhumita

Impact of built, social, and economic environments on adolescent obesity and related health behaviors.

建筑、社会和经济环境对青少年肥胖和相关健康行为的影响。