Development of a low dose clinical lung screening prototype for early detection of COPD and lung cancer using a novel x-ray source to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry

使用新型 X 射线源开发低剂量临床肺部筛查原型，以实现 COPD 和肺癌的早期检测，以实现 Talbot-Lau 干涉测量

• 批准号: 10082257
• 负责人: Wenbing Yun
• 金额: $ 24.62万
• 依托单位: SIGRAY, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10082257
• 关键词: Air; Alveolar; Benign; Cancerous; Cause of Death; Chest; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Clinical; Communities; Detection; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Disease; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Early treatment; Ensure; Evaluation; Family suidae; Goals; Human; Image; Interferometry; Legal patent; Lesion; Life; Low Dose Radiation; Lung; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Mass Screening; Medical; Methods; Morphology; Mus; Performance; Phase; Pulmonary Pathology; Radiation Dose Unit; Recording of previous events; Roentgen Rays; Savings; Signal Transduction; Solid; Source; Structure; Structure of parenchyma of lung; System; Techniques; Thick; Thoracic Radiography; Time; Tissues; Width; absorption; base; contrast imaging; density; design; detector; effective therapy; high risk; imaging system; improved; innovation; low dose computed tomography; lung imaging; mortality; novel; novel diagnostics; operation; prototype; screening; success; survival outcome; treatment strategy; tumor

Project Summary/Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are the third and sixth most common causes of death worldwide. One major challenge is that there are no effective screening methods capable of early detection of these diseases and when these diseases are finally detected, they are often at advanced stages for which few effective treatment strategies exist. In the case of lung cancer, more than half of people die within the year of diagnosis. Darkfield (scattering-based) x-ray contrast has been recently demonstrated to provide exciting capabilities for early detection of lung pathologies, including cancer and COPD at doses comparable to conventional chest radiography. This contrast mechanism differs significantly from current approaches, which use the absorption of x-rays for contrast rather than the scattering of x-rays. Accessing information provided by this contrast mechanism requires an emerging grating-based x-ray technique called Talbot-Lau interferometry, which uses three sets of gratings (source, phase, and detector) to achieve contrast. However, a critical bottleneck for using this technique at the high x-ray energies (~60 keV) required for imaging through a human chest is a source grating with the aspect ratios required cannot be fabricated. We propose to develop a lung darkfield imaging prototype using a major x-ray source innovation that removes the need for the x-ray source grating to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry at high x-ray energies. The system will critically enable demonstrations of the clinical potential of darkfield radiography for early detection of lung pathologies. The proposed Phase I 6-month project is a proof-of-principle of a grating-less Talbot-Lau breadboard set-up on a phantom. The proposed Phase II 24-month project is to develop a complete prototype system and experimentally verify its performance.

项目摘要/摘要 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和肺癌是第三和第六 全世界死亡的常见原因。一个主要挑战是没有有效的筛查 能够早期发现这些疾病的方法，当这些疾病最终是 检测到，它们通常处于几乎没有有效治疗策略的高级阶段。在 肺癌的病例，超过一半的人在诊断后死亡。 最近已证明Darkfield（基于散射）X射线对比度可提供令人兴奋的 早期检测肺病理的能力，包括剂量的癌症和COPD 与常规的胸部X射线照相相媲美。这种对比机制明显不同 从当前的方法中，使用X射线吸收进行对比而不是 X射线的散射。访问该对比机制提供的信息需要 新兴的基于光栅的X射线技术称为talbot-lau干涉法，它使用三组 光栅（源，相和检测器）以实现对比度。但是，一个关键的瓶颈 通过人类成像所需的高X射线能量（〜60 keV）使用此技术 胸部是无法制造的，所需的纵横比的源环。 我们建议使用主要的X射线源创新来开发肺darkfield成像原型 这消除了X射线源光栅的需求 X射线能量。该系统将批判性地证明 Darkfield射线照相术，用于早期检测肺病理。 拟议的I阶段6个月项目是无光栅塔尔伯特·劳的原则证明 面包板设置在幻影上。拟议的II期24个月项目是开发 完整的原型系统并实验验证其性能。