Neural Correlates of Implicit Processes of Attention & Emotion in Alcoholism

内隐注意力过程的神经关联

• 批准号: 7693755
• 负责人: TILMAN SCHULTE
• 金额: $ 41.47万
• 依托单位: SRI INTERNATIONAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7693755
• 关键词: Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Architecture; Attention; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Beverages; Brain; Brain imaging; Characteristics; Chronic; Cognition; Color; Conflict (Psychology); Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dissociation; Down-Regulation; Emotional; Emotions; Exhibits; Face; Fiber; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Individual; Inferior; Intervention; Lead; Measures; Medial; Methods; Occipital lobe; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Performance; Play; Process; Regulation; Relapse; Reporting; Resolution; Resources; Rewards; Role; Sensory; Series; Site; Source; Stimulus; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Thalamic structure; Variant; Ventral Striatum; alcohol misuse; alcohol use disorder; base; cingulate cortex; cognitive behavior therapy; cognitive control; drinking; emotion regulation; emotional stimulus; experience; frontal lobe; gray matter; improved; in vivo; interest; mood regulation; novel; prevent; problem drinker; public health relevance; putamen; relating to nervous system; response; sobriety

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Deficits in impaired inhibitory control functions and in sustained goal-directed behavior have long been identified as key features of alcoholism. Alcohol-use disorders (AUD) are also associated with abnormalities in emotional processing, with a number of studies reporting that selective brain systems that engage the amygdala play a crucial role in a tendency to experience negative emotion and in promoting alcohol intake. Delineation of the interplay between voluntary cognitive control (conceived as an explicit or "top-down" process that require allocation of attentional resources) and emotional responsiveness (conceived as an implicit or "bottom-up" process) is fundamental for understanding behavioral regulation and emotionally motivated actions towards alcohol misuse. The extent to which excessive alcohol use contributes to deficits in cognitive control or to enhanced automatic responsiveness is unknown but can be interrogated experimentally by presentation of affectively laden stimuli. Our recent behavioral studies indicate both disturbed bottom-up processing of redundant sensory information and impaired top-down control of conflict resolution in chronic alcoholics, and lay the foundation for the proposed studies. The primary goal of this project is to identify the neural correlates of implicit bottom-up influences and top-down regulation of emotion and cognition in alcoholism through the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), conventional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), noninvasive, in vivo methods for studying the functional, macrostructural, and microstructural architecture of the brain. The specific aims of this proposal are to (1) determine how chronic alcoholics differ from controls in component processes of attention-emotion regulation, (2) identify the neural correlates of attention-emotion systems in alcoholism with fMRI, and (3) determine the effects of alcoholism on relationships among regional microstructural brain status (DTI), functional brain networks (fMRI), gray matter foci (MRI), and performance measures. We propose a series of behavioral, structural, and functional MRI studies of attention-emotion processing to examine the extent to which alcoholics have selectively disrupted or preserved automatic bottom-up and attentional top-down control processing of emotional stimuli. The identification of sources of disruption of neural systems of attention and emotion should lead to an understanding of the impact of implicit and explicit control of behavior and has implications for developing interventions for improving cognitive behavioral therapies in individuals with AUD. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Alcoholics, even when abstinent, often have to exert voluntary control to suppress the urge to drink. The purpose of this proposal is to use brain imaging to understand the neural basis of the drive to alcoholic drinking and its control, which in turn may lead to treatments for maintaining sobriety and preventing relapse.

描述（由申请人提供）：抑制控制功能受损和持续目标导向行为的缺陷长期以来被认为是酗酒的关键特征。酒精使用障碍（AUD）也与情绪处理异常有关，许多研究报告称，杏仁核参与的选择性大脑系统在体验负面情绪和促进酒精摄入的倾向中发挥着至关重要的作用。自愿认知控制（被认为是需要分配注意力资源的显性或“自上而下”过程）和情绪反应（被认为是隐性或“自下而上”过程）之间的相互作用是理解行为调节和情绪反应的基础。滥用酒精的情绪动机行为。过量饮酒在多大程度上导致认知控制缺陷或增强自动反应能力尚不清楚，但可以通过呈现充满情感的刺激来进行实验询问。我们最近的行为研究表明，慢性酗酒者对冗余感官信息的自下而上的处理受到干扰，并且对冲突解决的自上而下的控制受到损害，并为拟议的研究奠定了基础。该项目的主要目标是通过使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI)、传统 MRI 和扩散张量成像 (DTI) 来确定酗酒中隐性自下而上影响和自上而下情绪和认知调节的神经相关性。 ），用于研究大脑功能、宏观结构和微观结构的非侵入性体内方法。该提案的具体目标是（1）确定慢性酗酒者与对照组在注意情绪调节的组成过程中有何不同，（2）通过功能磁共振成像确定酗酒者注意情绪系统的神经相关性，以及（3）确定酒精中毒对大脑区域微观结构状态（DTI）、功能性大脑网络（fMRI）、灰质灶（MRI）和表现测量之间关系的影响。我们提出了一系列关于注意力-情绪处理的行为、结构和功能性核磁共振研究，以检查酗酒者选择性破坏或保留情绪刺激的自动自下而上和注意力自上而下控制处理的程度。识别注意力和情绪神经系统破坏的来源应该有助于理解隐性和显性行为控制的影响，并且对于制定改善 AUD 个体认知行为治疗的干预措施具有重要意义。 公共健康相关性：酗酒者，即使在戒酒的情况下，通常也必须施加自愿控制来抑制饮酒的冲动。该提案的目的是利用大脑成像来了解饮酒冲动及其控制的神经基础，这反过来可能会导致保持清醒和防止复发的治疗方法。