Brainstem control of visual orienting

脑干控制视觉定向

• 批准号: 7579805
• 负责人: EDWARD G FREEDMAN
• 金额: $ 37.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-03 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7579805
• 关键词: Behavior; Biological Models; Brain Stem; Cells; Characteristics; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Electric Stimulation; Environment; Eye; Generations; Goals; Head; Head Movements; Mediating; Metric; Modeling; Motor; Motor Activity; Motor Neurons; Movement; Nature; Neck; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Performance; Play; Population; Primates; Reflex action; Research; Research Personnel; Reticular Cell; Reticular Formation; Role; Rotation; Saccades; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Structure; System; Testing; Thinking; Time; Vision; Visual; Work; base; gaze; insight; interest; kinematics; neuromechanism; neuroregulation; novel; nucleus reticularis; object motion; object perception; oculomotor; prevent; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; sensory integration; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; visual control; visual information

Producing smoothly coordinated movements during performance of complex behaviors is an essential goal of the nervous system. To accomplish this, sensory information must be integrated continuously in order to construct a representation of objects in the world. This critical function requires the ability to distinguish between self-generated and object motion, to integrate diverse sensory information, and to plan and execute simultaneous motor behaviors. The interactions among neural structures that mediate selection and execution of coordinated movements, and the mechanisms that resolve the inherent conflict between stabilizing reflexes and motor commands are critical issues in understanding the neural control of coordinated action. The neural control of coordinated eye-head movements is an experimental system that has provided significant insights into the neural mechanisms mediating visual orienting behaviors. Directing the line of sight (gaze) towards interesting objects enhances our perception of the object and provides a way to construct and maintain an internal model of the world. These changes in gaze direction are generally accomplished by coordinating the eyes and head, and provide an excellent model system for studying the neural control of orienting behaviors, the coordination of multiple body segments, spatial orientation and transformation of sensory information into motor commands. The goals of the proposed research are to elucidate the neural computations and mechanisms required for coordination within the context of visual orienting movements. We will record the activity of neurons in the brainstem during gaze shifts made when the head is free to move. We will determine the relationship between the activity of these cells and the metrics and/or kinematics of the gaze, eye and/or head movements, we will characterize the activity of cells in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and identify their role in generation of head movements, and we will record activity simultaneously from cells in the superior colliculus (SC) and cells downstreamfrom the SC in an effort to reveal the underlying mechanisms that transform SC signals into the commands needed to move the eyes and head. These experiments will provide exciting and novel insight into the ways in which the nervous system converts sensory inputs into coordinated actions.

在执行复杂行为时产生平稳协调的动作至关重要 神经系统的目标。为了实现这一目标，感官信息必须不断地整合到 为了构建世界上对象的表示。这一关键功能需要能够 区分自生运动和物体运动，整合不同的感官信息，并规划 并执行同时的运动行为。介导选择的神经结构之间的相互作用 协调运动的执行和执行，以及解决之间固有冲突的机制 稳定反射和运动命令是理解神经控制的关键问题 协调行动。协调眼头运动的神经控制是一个实验系统 对介导视觉定向行为的神经机制提供了重要的见解。导演 对有趣物体的视线（凝视）增强了我们对物体的感知，并提供了一种方法 构建和维护世界的内部模型。这些注视方向的变化通常是 通过协调眼睛和头部来完成，并为研究提供了一个优秀的模型系统 定向行为的神经控制、多个身体部分的协调、空间定向和 将感觉信息转化为运动命令。 拟议研究的目标是阐明所需的神经计算和机制 在视觉定向运动的背景下进行协调。我们将记录神经元的活动 当头部自由移动时，脑干会发生注视转移。我们将确定关系 这些细胞的活动与凝视、眼睛和/或头部的度量和/或运动学之间的关系 运动，我们将表征巨细胞网状核中细胞的活动并识别 它们在产生头部运动中的作用，我们将同时记录头部细胞的活动 上丘 (SC) 和 SC 下游的细胞，努力揭示潜在机制 将 SC 信号转换为移动眼睛和头部所需的命令。 这些实验将为神经系统如何运作提供令人兴奋和新颖的见解。 将感官输入转化为协调的行动。