Brainstem control of visual orienting movements

视觉定向运动的脑干控制

• 批准号: 6525062
• 负责人: EDWARD G FREEDMAN
• 金额: $ 31.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-03 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6525062
• 关键词: Primates; behavioral /social science research tag; brain regulatory center; caudate nucleus; electromyography; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; eye movements; head movements; motor neurons; neural information processing; orientation; saccades; single cell analysis; space perception; superior colliculus; synapses; visual perception

DESCRIPTION(adapted from applicant's abstract): The ability to coordinate movements during the performance of complex behaviors in our ever-changing environment is an essential goal of the nervous system. To accomplish this, sensory information must be integrated continuously in order to construct a representation of objects in the world. This critical function requires the ability to distinguish between self-generated and object motion, to integrate diverse sensory information, and to plan and execute simultaneous motor behaviors. The neural control of eye movements is an experimental system that has provided significant insights into the neural mechanisms mediating visual orienting behaviors. Directing the line of sight (gaze) towards interesting objects enhances our perception of the object and provides a way to construct and maintain an internal model of the world. These shifts in gaze direction are generally accomplished by coordinating movements of the eyes and head, and they provide an excellent model system for studying the neural control of orienting behavior, the coordination of multiple body segments, spatial orientation and transformation of sensory information into motor commands. By recording the activity of specific groups of neurons during performance of orienting movements it is possible to correlate neural responses with particular features of coordinated gaze shifts. The goals of the proposed research are to use these techniques to elucidate the neural computations and processes involved in eye-head coordination. Our recent experiments, recording neural activity in the brainstem of head-free monkeys, indicate that the relationships which have previously defined the rules of the oculomotor system, break down when the head and eyes move together to re-direct the line of sight (gaze). The implications of these experiments are that hypotheses of oculomotor control based on data from head restrained subjects, are a special case of a more general system. The proposed experiments are designed to identify and characterize the mechanisms of this more general control system, and will contribute directly to our understanding of the neural control of orienting movements. They also contribute to a more general understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in motor control and coordination during complex behaviors. In addition, this research will facilitate identification and treatment of spatial disorientation, saccadic and/or gaze dysmetrias, and brain stem damage resulting from trauma or disease.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：协调能力 在我们不断变化的复杂行为中表现的动作 环境是神经系统的一个重要目标。为了实现这一目标， 感官信息必须不断整合才能构建 世界上物体的表示。这一关键功能需要 能够区分自生运动和物体运动，并进行整合 多样化的感官信息，并计划和执行同步运动 行为。眼球运动的神经控制是一个实验系统 对介导视觉的神经机制提供了重要的见解 引导行为。将视线（凝视）引向有趣的方向 对象增强了我们对对象的感知，并提供了一种构造方法 并维护世界的内部模型。这些注视方向的转变是 通常通过协调眼睛和头部的运动来完成 为研究定向神经控制提供了一个优秀的模型系统 行为、多个身体部分的协调、空间定向和 将感觉信息转化为运动命令。 通过记录执行过程中特定神经元组的活动 定向运动可以将神经反应与 协调性目光转移的特殊特征。拟议的目标 研究的目的是使用这些技术来阐明神经计算和 涉及眼头协调的过程。我们最近的实验，记录 无头猴脑干的神经活动表明 先前定义动眼系统规则的关系， 当头部和眼睛一起移动以重新引导视线时会崩溃 （目光）。这些实验的意义在于动眼神经的假设 基于来自头部受约束的受试者的数据的控制是一个特殊情况 更通用的系统。所提出的实验旨在识别和 描述这个更一般的控制系统的机制，并将 直接有助于我们理解定向的神经控制 动作。它们还有助于更全面地理解神经网络 复杂行为期间涉及运动控制和协调的机制。 此外，这项研究将有助于识别和治疗 空间定向障碍、扫视和/或凝视障碍以及脑干损伤 由外伤或疾病引起的。