Project 5: Novel Filtration Devices for Arsenic Reduction

项目5：新型降砷过滤装置

基本信息

批准号：
10112268
负责人：
Orlando Coronell Nieto
金额：
$ 37.16万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-20 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10112268
关键词：
Address Affect Alkanesulfonates American Arsenic Charge Chelating Agents Chemicals Chemistry Chromium Communities Computer Models Devices Diabetes Mellitus Elements Environment Ethers Excision Experimental Designs Exposure to Filtration Geology Goals Hardness Health Home Household Individual Inorganic Chemistry Ketones Laboratories Manganese Membrane Metabolic Diseases Metabolic dysfunction Methods Modeling North Carolina Nylons Osmosis Outcome Performance Polyethyleneimine Population Porosity Privatization Process Productivity Program Research Project Grants Property Public Health Research Risk Signal Recognition Particle Sodium Chloride Solid Source Structure Superfund System Technology United States Vanadium Vision Water anthropogenesis base contaminated water design disorder prevention drinking water exposed human population ground water improved interest interfacial nanoparticle novel novel strategies operation polymerization prevent programs prototype solute wasting water treatment well water

项目摘要

ABSTRACT: PROJECT 5 In the US, 14% of Americans rely on private wells as their drinking water source. In NC, geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants (e.g., inorganic arsenic (iAs), manganese, chromium, and vanadium) infiltrate private wells, placing residents at risk for health outcomes (e.g., diabetes associated with iAs exposure). An estimated ~3 million individuals representing one-third of the population in NC drink water from private wells with iAs concentrations up to 800 µg/L. The US EPA and NC-DHHS recommend reverse osmosis membrane filtration and solid media to remove iAs from well water because these technologies require the fewest chemicals and steps to remove iAs and are easy to implement. However, two important challenges to these two technologies in this context are that both: (i) inadequately remove As(III) (i.e., the most hazardous iAs species), and (ii) produce iAs-enriched waste. Of the two technologies, membranes are best suited to treat groundwater because compared to solid media, they are more effective at removing As(III), are easier to operate, are more compact, and afford faster access to clean water. However, membrane systems allow iAs-enriched brines to re- enter into the water cycle and are not designed specifically to remove iAs and co-occurring contaminants (CCs). Arguably, the most valuable advantage solid media has over membranes is that the resulting iAs-enriched waste is easier to dispose. We hypothesize that an integrated membrane-sorbent system will remove iAs and CCs from groundwater with better efficacy than existing in-home water treatment systems, while minimizing iAs re-entry into the environment. Project 5 therefore aligns with the theme of the UNC-SRP Center, “Identifying novel methods to reduce iAs exposure and elucidating mechanisms underlying iAs- induced metabolic dysfunction with a vision for disease prevention” and addresses SRP Mandate 4 in using hypothesis-driven research to develop a product-oriented solution for communities affected by exposure to iAs and CCs. Project 5 will address research gaps to: (i) develop technologies that effectively remove As(III) from water without chemical pretreatment; (ii) optimize the ability of membranes to remove iAs, especially As(III), without compromising water productivity; (iii) develop sorbents to treat iAs-containing membrane brines; (iv) introduce the concept of removing geogenic and anthropogenic CCs (i.e., Mn(II), Cr, V) from waters in addition to the primary contaminant of concern (iAs); and (v) introduce biomedical metrics to assess performance of iAs membrane filtration systems. We will accomplish our goals with three specific aims: First, we will develop and optimize membranes to remove iAs and CCs from groundwater by combining polyamide, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK), and/or mixed-matrix chemistries; Second, we will optimize a polyethylenimine (PEI)- based granular sorbent for iAs and CCs removal from membrane brine; Third, we will deploy an integrated membrane-sorbent system prototype and evaluate it for performance stability in impacted NC communities.

摘要：项目 5 在美国，14% 的美国人依靠私人水井作为饮用水源。浸润私人水井，使居民面临健康后果的风险（例如，与砷暴露相关的糖尿病）。据估计，约 300 万人（占北卡罗来纳州人口的三分之一）饮用私人水井的水美国 EPA 和 NC-DHHS 推荐使用反渗透膜，IAS 浓度高达 800 µg/L。过滤和固体介质可去除井水中的 IAs，因为这些技术需要的化学品最少删除 iAs 的步骤很容易实现，但是这两者面临两个重要挑战。这方面的技术是：(i) 不能充分去除 As(III)（即最危险的 iAs 物质）， (ii) 产生富含无机砷的废物在这两种技术中，膜最适合处理地下水。因为与固体介质相比，它们在去除 As(III) 方面更有效，更易于操作，结构紧凑，并且能够更快地获得清洁水。然而，膜系统允许富含 iAs 的盐水重新流动。进入水循环，并非专门为去除 IAs 和共生污染物 (CC) 而设计。可以说，固体介质相对于膜的最有价值的优势是产生的富含 iAs 的废物我们勇敢地说，集成的膜吸附剂系统将去除 iAs 和来自地下水的 CC 比现有的家庭水处理系统具有更好的功效，同时因此，iAs 最大限度地减少了重新进入环境的可能性，这与 UNC-SRP 的主题相一致。中心，“确定减少 iAs 暴露的新方法并阐明 iAs 的潜在机制诱导代谢功能障碍，以预防疾病”，并解决了 SRP 指令 4 使用假设驱动的研究为受暴露影响的社区开发以产品为导向的解决方案项目 5 将解决以下方面的研究空白：(i) 开发有效去除 As(III) 的技术。未经化学预处理的水中；(ii) 优化膜去除 IAs，特别是 As(III) 的能力，在不影响水生产率的情况下； (iii) 开发吸附剂来处理含 IAs 的膜盐水；另外引入从水中去除地质和人为 CC（即 Mn(II)、Cr、V）的概念关注的主要污染物 (iAs)；以及 (v) 引入生物医学指标来评估 iAs 的性能我们将通过三个具体目标来实现我们的目标：首先，我们将开发和通过结合聚酰胺、磺化聚醚，优化膜以去除地下水中的 iAs 和 CC 其次，我们将优化聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI)- 用于从膜盐水中去除 IAs 和 CC 的颗粒吸附剂第三，我们将部署一个集成的系统；膜吸附剂系统原型并评估其在受影响的北卡罗来纳州社区中的性能稳定性。