Project 5: Novel Filtration Devices for Arsenic Reduction

项目5：新型降砷过滤装置

• 批准号: 10570882
• 负责人: Orlando Coronell Nieto
• 金额: $ 36.19万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-20 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10570882
• 关键词: Acceleration; Address; Affect; Alkanesulfonates; American; Arsenic; Charge; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chromium; Communities; Computer Models; Devices; Diabetes Mellitus; Elements; Environment; Ethers; Excision; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Filtration; Goals; Hardness; Health; Home; Household; Individual; Infiltration; Inorganic Chemistry; Ketones; Laboratories; Manganese; Membrane; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic dysfunction; Methods; Modeling; North Carolina; Nylons; Osmosis; Outcome; Performance; Polyethyleneimine; Polymers; Population; Porosity; Privatization; Process; Productivity; Property; Public Health; Recommendation; Research; Risk; Signal Recognition Particle; Sodium Chloride; Solid; Source; Structure; Superfund; System; Technology; United States; Vanadium; Vision; Water; anthropogenesis; chelation; contaminated water; design; disorder prevention; drinking water; exposed human population; ground water; improved; interest; interfacial; nanoparticle; novel; novel strategies; operation; polymerization; prevent; programs; prototype; solute; wasting; water treatment; well water

ABSTRACT: PROJECT 5 In the US, 14% of Americans rely on private wells as their drinking water source. In NC, geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants (e.g., inorganic arsenic (iAs), manganese, chromium, and vanadium) infiltrate private wells, placing residents at risk for health outcomes (e.g., diabetes associated with iAs exposure). An estimated ~3 million individuals representing one-third of the population in NC drink water from private wells with iAs concentrations up to 800 µg/L. The US EPA and NC-DHHS recommend reverse osmosis membrane filtration and solid media to remove iAs from well water because these technologies require the fewest chemicals and steps to remove iAs and are easy to implement. However, two important challenges to these two technologies in this context are that both: (i) inadequately remove As(III) (i.e., the most hazardous iAs species), and (ii) produce iAs-enriched waste. Of the two technologies, membranes are best suited to treat groundwater because compared to solid media, they are more effective at removing As(III), are easier to operate, are more compact, and afford faster access to clean water. However, membrane systems allow iAs-enriched brines to re- enter into the water cycle and are not designed specifically to remove iAs and co-occurring contaminants (CCs). Arguably, the most valuable advantage solid media has over membranes is that the resulting iAs-enriched waste is easier to dispose. We hypothesize that an integrated membrane-sorbent system will remove iAs and CCs from groundwater with better efficacy than existing in-home water treatment systems, while minimizing iAs re-entry into the environment. Project 5 therefore aligns with the theme of the UNC-SRP Center, “Identifying novel methods to reduce iAs exposure and elucidating mechanisms underlying iAs- induced metabolic dysfunction with a vision for disease prevention” and addresses SRP Mandate 4 in using hypothesis-driven research to develop a product-oriented solution for communities affected by exposure to iAs and CCs. Project 5 will address research gaps to: (i) develop technologies that effectively remove As(III) from water without chemical pretreatment; (ii) optimize the ability of membranes to remove iAs, especially As(III), without compromising water productivity; (iii) develop sorbents to treat iAs-containing membrane brines; (iv) introduce the concept of removing geogenic and anthropogenic CCs (i.e., Mn(II), Cr, V) from waters in addition to the primary contaminant of concern (iAs); and (v) introduce biomedical metrics to assess performance of iAs membrane filtration systems. We will accomplish our goals with three specific aims: First, we will develop and optimize membranes to remove iAs and CCs from groundwater by combining polyamide, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK), and/or mixed-matrix chemistries; Second, we will optimize a polyethylenimine (PEI)- based granular sorbent for iAs and CCs removal from membrane brine; Third, we will deploy an integrated membrane-sorbent system prototype and evaluate it for performance stability in impacted NC communities.

摘要：项目5 在美国，有14％的美国人依靠私人井作为饮用水。在NC，地球和 人为污染物（例如无机砷（IAS），锰，铬和钒）浸润 私人井，使居民面临健康结果的风险（例如，与IAS暴露有关的糖尿病）。一个 估计约有300万个人来自私人井中的NC饮用水中的三分之一的人 IAS浓度高达800 µg/L。美国EPA和NC-DHHS建议反渗透膜 过滤和固体培养基以从井水中去除IAS，因为这些技术需要最少的化学物质 以及删除IAS并易于实现的步骤。但是，这两个都面临两个重要的挑战 在这种情况下的技术都是：（i）不充分删除（iii）（即最危险的IAS物种），， （ii）产生了富含IAS的废物。在这两种技术中，膜最适合治疗地下水 因为与固体媒体相比，它们更有效地删除AS（iii），更易于操作，更多的是 紧凑，可以更快地获得清洁水。但是，膜系统允许富含IAS的盐水重新 进入水循环，并非专门设计用于去除IAS和同时发生污染物（CCS）。 可以说，固体媒体对机制的最有价值的优势是由IAS富集的废物 更容易处置。我们假设一个集成的膜吸收系统将删除IAS，并 来自地下水的CC效率比现有的家庭水处理系统更高，而 最小化IAS重新进入环境。因此，项目5与UNC-SRP的主题保持一致 中心，“确定新的方法来减少IAS的IAS暴露和阐明机制 引起的代谢功能障碍具有预防疾病的愿景”，并解决了SRP授权4 使用假设驱动的研究为受暴露影响的社区开发面向产品的解决方案 到IAS和CCS。项目5将解决研究差距：（i）开发有效删除为（iii）的技术 没有化​​学预处理的水； （ii）优化膜去除IAS的能力，尤其是（iii）， 没有妥协水生产率； （iii）开发吸附剂来处理含IAS的膜盐水； （iv） 从水中介绍去除地球和人为CCS（即Mn（II），Cr，V）的概念 关注的主要污染物（IAS）； （v）引入生物医学指标来评估IAS的性能 膜过滤系统。我们将以三个具体的目标来实现我们的目标：首先，我们将发展和 通过将聚酰胺，磺化聚（醚）结合（醚）优化以从地下水中去除IAS和CC的机制 醚酮）（Speek）和/或混合质子化学；其次，我们将优化聚乙烯亚胺（PEI） - 基于IAS的颗粒吸附剂和CC从膜盐水中移除；第三，我们将部署一个集成的 膜吸收系统原型并评估其在受影响的NC社区中的性能稳定性。