fMRI of Stress & Self-Control in Smoking & Obesity (7 of 14)

压力的功能磁共振成像

• 批准号: 7657425
• 负责人: Marc N Potenza
• 金额: $ 24.8万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7657425
• 关键词: Addictive Behavior; Alcohol dependence; Alcohols; Amygdaloid structure; Behavior; Biological; Biology; Brain; Brain imaging; Clinical; Cocaine; Cues; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Drug usage; Eating; Emotional; Emotions; Endocannabinoids; Etiology; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Gambling; Generations; Genetic; Guided imagery; Health; Hydrocortisone; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Measures; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nicotine Dependence; Nucleus Accumbens; Obesity; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Regulation; Relapse; Risk; Self-control as a personality trait; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Stress; TNFRSF5 gene; Thalamic structure; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; United States; Weight; Work; addiction; base; behavior measurement; craving; design; emotion regulation; endophenotype; heart rate variability; improved; mortality; non-drug; non-smoker; pediatric trauma; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; treatment strategy

Obesity and tobacco smoking represent two of the most substantial causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Stress and diminished self-control are two important factors associated with obesity, tobacco smoking, and other behaviors with addictive potential. However, no studies have systematically examined the neural correlates of self-control, stress, food-related, and smoking-related responses in obese and tobacco smoking subjects. Here we propose examining obese smokers, obese non-smokers, normal weight smokers, and normal weight non-smokers in a guided imagery paradigm that we have adapted for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with behavioral measures of self-control and related constructs (e.g., impulsivity and decision-making). Our prior fMRI work using the guided imagery paradigm has examined how brain activation patterns to stress, drug cue, or neutral-relaxing conditions differ in individuals with addictions to cocaine or alcohol from those without these addictions. Our findings indicate that subjects with cocaine or alcohol dependence show relatively greater activations within limbic regions and diminished activation within prefrontal cortex as compared to control comparison subjects. The extent to which similar patterns extend or do not to tobacco smokers or obese people has important clinical implications. That is, the identification of common and unique neural substrates to tobacco smoking and obesity has important implications not only for how we conceptualize the disorders, but also for the development of improved prevention and treatment strategies for these conditions that currently impact millions of people in the United States. The examination of the influence of self-control and related constructs in relation to the fMRI measures in the tobacco smoking and obese groups should provide additional information with relevance to the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

肥胖和吸烟是导致人类发病和死亡的两个最主要原因 美国。压力和自我控制能力下降是与肥胖、烟草相关的两个重要因素 吸烟和其他可能成瘾的行为。然而，还没有研究系统地检验 肥胖者和吸烟者的自我控制、压力、食物相关和吸烟相关反应的神经相关性 吸烟受试者。在这里，我们建议检查肥胖吸烟者、肥胖非吸烟者、正常体重 吸烟者和正常体重的非吸烟者在引导图像范式中，我们已针对功能进行了调整 磁共振成像（fMRI）与自我控制和相关行为测量相结合 结构（例如冲动和决策）。我们之前的功能磁共振成像工作使用引导图像范式 研究了大脑对压力、药物提示或中性放松条件的激活模式有何不同 对可卡因或酒精成瘾的人与没有这些成瘾的人。我们的研究结果表明 可卡因或酒精依赖的受试者在边缘区域表现出相对更大的激活 与对照受试者相比，前额皮质内的激活减少。程度到 哪些相似的模式适用于吸烟者或肥胖者，哪些不适用，具有重要的临床意义 影响。也就是说，识别吸烟和吸烟的常见和独特的神经基质 肥胖不仅对我们如何概念化疾病有重要影响，而且对 针对目前影响的这些状况制定改进的预防和治疗策略 美国有数百万人。自我控制及相关影响的检查 与吸烟和肥胖群体的功能磁共振成像测量相关的构建应提供 与制定有针对性的预防和治疗战略相关的更多信息。