From neighborhood disadvantage to antisocial behavior: Neurobiological pathways

从邻里劣势到反社会行为：神经生物学途径

基本信息

批准号：
10015409
负责人：
S. Alexandra Burt
金额：
$ 7.67万
依托单位：
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-18 至 2022-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10015409
关键词：
Address Administrative Supplement Affect Amygdaloid structure Architecture Automobile Driving Behavioral Behavioral Genetics Biological Birth Records Brain Child Rearing Clinic Cognitive Communities Data Development Disadvantaged Discipline Doctor of Philosophy Environment Epidemiology Etiology Exposure to Family Funding Future Genetic Goals Health Heritability Home environment Link Mental Health Modality Modeling Neighborhoods Neurobiology Neurophysiology - biologic function Neurosciences Outcome Parents Pathway interactions Positioning Attribute Poverty Process Public Health Public Policy Regulation Reproducibility Research Research Personnel Risk Sample Size Sampling Series Social Environment Social Processes Societies Stress Structure Students Talents Theft Toxicant exposure Training Twin Multiple Birth Work Youth antisocial behavior assault behavioral outcome biological adaptation to stress brain behavior career design doctoral student ethnic minority population multimodality neighborhood disadvantage neural network neuroimaging novel parent grant perpetrators physical process racial minority relating to nervous system skills social social cohesion social factors toxicant vandalism violence exposure

项目摘要

Decades of research have highlighted the damaging effects of disadvantaged neighborhood contexts on later health outcomes, including youth antisocial behaviors (ASB) such as assault, theft, and vandalism. Although few would now contest the behavioral sequelae of neighborhood disadvantage, the mechanism(s) driving these effects are as yet unclear. A major focus of the parent grant is to understand how social processes in the home (parenting) and physical processes in the environment (toxicants) undermine brain development (across structure and function). The current supplement application aims to deepen the focus of this study on the social processes in the neighborhood that affect the activation of the amygdala and broader corticolimbic circuit – a critical neural regions for the initiation and regulation of the stress response. By examining social factors in the neighborhood (lack of social cohesion, exposure to violence) that may undermine the development of stress-related neural functioning, the proposed supplement will use a genetically-informed developmental neuroscience approach to understand how the broader social context outside of the home may undermine development. Through the use of a twin sample, the proposed project will leverage twin differences to identify causal mechanisms affecting brain development. Moreover, through this project, a PhD student will gain cutting-edge, interdisciplinary training in functional neuroimaging, behavior genetics, and neighborhood effects, in a way that will continue her strong academic trajectory and uniquely position her for a novel, research focused career with training well outside of the typical course of study. This training will position this student well for future funding (F, K, R series) by establishing her skills across multiple disciplines. Thus the proposed study will enhance the Aims of the parent grant, while providing unique training for a talented junior researcher who will add diversity to the scientific community.

数十年的研究强调了弱势社区环境对以后的破坏性影响健康结果，包括青少年反社会行为 (ASB)，例如袭击、盗窃和破坏公物。现在很少有人会质疑邻里劣势的行为后遗症、驱动机制这些影响目前尚不清楚，家长资助的一个主要重点是了解社会进程如何。家庭（养育）和环境中的物理过程（有毒物质）会破坏大脑发育（跨结构和功能）。当前的补充应用旨在加深本研究的重点。影响杏仁核和更广泛的皮质边缘回路激活的邻里社会过程 – 通过检查社会因素来启动和调节压力反应的关键神经区域。可能破坏社区发展的邻里关系（缺乏社会凝聚力、遭受暴力）与压力相关的神经功能，拟议的补充剂将使用遗传信息的发育神经科学方法来了解家庭之外更广泛的社会背景如何可能破坏通过使用双胞胎样本，拟议项目将利用双胞胎差异来识别。此外，通过这个项目，博士生将获得影响大脑发育的因果机制。功能神经影像、行为遗传学和邻里效应方面的尖端跨学科培训，以某种方式继续她强大的学术轨迹，并为她的小说、研究奠定独特的地位通过典型学习课程之外的培训来专注于职业生涯，该培训将为该学生定位。通过建立她跨多个学科的技能，为未来的资助（F、K、R 系列）做好准备。研究将增强家长资助的目标，同时为有才华的初级研究员提供独特的培训谁将为科学界增添多样性。