Mechanisms underlying resilience to neighborhood disadvantage

抵御邻里劣势的潜在机制

• 批准号: 10212935
• 负责人: S. Alexandra Burt
• 金额: $ 85.36万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10212935
• 关键词: Adolescent; Age; Architecture; Behavioral; Brain; Buffers; Child; Child Rearing; Chronic; Communities; Competence; Decision Making; Development; Disadvantaged; Epigenetic Process; Etiology; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Genetic; Genetic Processes; Health; Heritability; Image; Joints; Mediating; Mental Health; Methodology; Methylation; Modeling; Monozygotic twins; Nature; Neighborhoods; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Rest; Risk; Sampling; Shapes; Social Processes; Structure; Time; Twin Multiple Birth; Work; Youth; base; biobehavior; emotion regulation; epigenetic marker; independent component analysis; neighborhood disadvantage; neural network; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; prospective; protective factors; relating to nervous system; resilience; skills; social cohesion; socioeconomics; stressor

Decades of research have confirmed the damaging effects of neighborhood disadvantage on physical, socioeconomic, and mental health outcomes. Even so, many children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhood contexts demonstrate adaptive competence. How do children achieve these resilient outcomes in the face of such adversity? Extant studies indicate that familial- and community-level factors protect these children from the many stressors found in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Very little work, however, has considered the neurobehavioral pathways through which these protective processes confer resilience. The proposed UG3/UH3 will do just this, identifying neural markers of resilience and illuminating the multilevel epigenetic, environmental, and genetic processes through which protective factors promote these neuro-resilient pathways. We propose to re-assess a sample of 500 adolescent twin pairs (at age 11-16 years; previously assessed between ages 6 and 10) residing in modestly-to-severely disadvantaged neighborhoods. We will employ cutting-edge neuroimaging methodologies (i.e., joint models that bridge task and resting fMRI, DTI, and sMRI) to identify the synergistic neural networks that are associated with resilience (operationalized here as adaptive competence and the absence of psychopathology), while also capitalizing on the longitudinal and genetically-informed nature of our unique `at-risk' twin sample to illuminate the etiologic processes underlying neural markers of resilience. We specifically postulate that, by protecting youth from the stressors presents in disadvantage contexts, positive parents and communities enable children to develop the normative neural architecture that undergirds subsequent adaptive outcomes, even in the face of adversity. Our genetically-informed developmental neuroscience approach will thus provide an unprecedented opportunity to illuminate the multilevel biobehavioral pathways leading to resilience, and in this way, fundamentally advance our understanding of adaptation in the face of chronic adversity.

数十年的研究证实了邻里劣势对 身体，社会经济和心理健康成果。即便如此，许多孩子在 处境不利的邻里环境表明自适应能力。孩子如何实现 面对这种逆境，这些有韧性的结果？现有研究表明家族性和 社区级因素保护这些孩子免受处境不利的许多压力源 社区。然而，很少的工作考虑了通过 这些保护过程赋予了弹性。拟议的UG3/UH3会做到这一点， 识别弹性的神经标志物，并照亮多层次表观遗传，环境和 保护因素促进这些神经弹性途径的遗传过程。我们 建议重新评估500个青少年双胞胎的样本（在11-16岁时；先前评估 在6至10岁之间）居住在不利的社区中。我们将 采用尖端的神经影像学方法（即，桥接任务和休息fMRI的联合模型， DTI和SMRI）确定与弹性相关的协同神经网络 （在这里以适应能力和缺乏心理病理学的方式进行操作），同时也 利用我们独特的“处于危险”双样本的纵向和遗传信息的性质 阐明弹性神经标记的病因学过程。我们特别假设 通过保护青年免受压力源的不利环境，父母和 社区使儿童能够发展出随后涉及的规范性神经建筑 即使面对逆境，适应性的结果也是如此。我们的遗传信息发展 因此，神经科学方法将提供前所未有的机会来照亮多层次 生物行为途径导致了韧性，从根本上讲，我们 面对慢性逆境的适应性理解。