Mechanisms underlying resilience to neighborhood disadvantage

抵御邻里劣势的潜在机制

• 批准号: 10212935
• 负责人: S. Alexandra Burt
• 金额: $ 85.36万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10212935
• 关键词: Adolescent; Age; Architecture; Behavioral; Brain; Buffers; Child; Child Rearing; Chronic; Communities; Competence; Decision Making; Development; Disadvantaged; Epigenetic Process; Etiology; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Genetic; Genetic Processes; Health; Heritability; Image; Joints; Mediating; Mental Health; Methodology; Methylation; Modeling; Monozygotic twins; Nature; Neighborhoods; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Rest; Risk; Sampling; Shapes; Social Processes; Structure; Time; Twin Multiple Birth; Work; Youth; base; biobehavior; emotion regulation; epigenetic marker; independent component analysis; neighborhood disadvantage; neural network; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; prospective; protective factors; relating to nervous system; resilience; skills; social cohesion; socioeconomics; stressor

Decades of research have confirmed the damaging effects of neighborhood disadvantage on physical, socioeconomic, and mental health outcomes. Even so, many children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhood contexts demonstrate adaptive competence. How do children achieve these resilient outcomes in the face of such adversity? Extant studies indicate that familial- and community-level factors protect these children from the many stressors found in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Very little work, however, has considered the neurobehavioral pathways through which these protective processes confer resilience. The proposed UG3/UH3 will do just this, identifying neural markers of resilience and illuminating the multilevel epigenetic, environmental, and genetic processes through which protective factors promote these neuro-resilient pathways. We propose to re-assess a sample of 500 adolescent twin pairs (at age 11-16 years; previously assessed between ages 6 and 10) residing in modestly-to-severely disadvantaged neighborhoods. We will employ cutting-edge neuroimaging methodologies (i.e., joint models that bridge task and resting fMRI, DTI, and sMRI) to identify the synergistic neural networks that are associated with resilience (operationalized here as adaptive competence and the absence of psychopathology), while also capitalizing on the longitudinal and genetically-informed nature of our unique `at-risk' twin sample to illuminate the etiologic processes underlying neural markers of resilience. We specifically postulate that, by protecting youth from the stressors presents in disadvantage contexts, positive parents and communities enable children to develop the normative neural architecture that undergirds subsequent adaptive outcomes, even in the face of adversity. Our genetically-informed developmental neuroscience approach will thus provide an unprecedented opportunity to illuminate the multilevel biobehavioral pathways leading to resilience, and in this way, fundamentally advance our understanding of adaptation in the face of chronic adversity.

数十年的研究已经证实邻里劣势对人的破坏性影响 身体、社会经济和心理健康结果。即便如此，很多孩子在成长过程中 弱势邻里环境表现出适应能力。孩子如何实现 面对如此逆境，这些有弹性的结果是什么？现有研究表明，家族和 社区层面的因素保护这些儿童免受弱势群体中的许多压力源的影响 社区。然而，很少有工作考虑通过 这些保护过程赋予了弹性。拟议的 UG3/UH3 就可以做到这一点， 识别复原力的神经标记并阐明多层次的表观遗传、环境和 保护性因素通过遗传过程促进这些神经弹性途径。我们 建议重新评估 500 对青少年双胞胎的样本（11-16 岁；之前评估过 6 岁至 10 岁之间）居住在中等至严重贫困社区。我们将 采用尖端的神经影像方法（即连接任务和静息功能磁共振成像的联合模型， DTI 和 sMRI）来识别与弹性相关的协同神经网络 （此处可操作为适应能力和精神病理学的缺乏），同时也 利用我们独特的“高危”双胞胎样本的纵向和遗传信息性质 阐明弹性神经标记背后的病因过程。我们特别假设 通过保护青少年免受不利环境中的压力源的影响，积极的父母和 社区使儿童能够发展规范的神经结构，为以后的生活奠定基础 即使面对逆境，也能获得适应性结果。我们的遗传信息发育 因此，神经科学方法将为阐明多层次的神经科学方法提供前所未有的机会。 生物行为途径导致恢复力，并通过这种方式从根本上推进我们 了解面对长期逆境时的适应。