Using National Sales Data to Understand the Influence of Menu Labeling Policy

利用全国销售数据了解菜单标签政策的影响

• 批准号: 10375488
• 负责人: Brian Elbel
• 金额: $ 78.62万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10375488
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Area; Behavior; Black race; Calories; Cardiovascular Diseases; Characteristics; Cities; Coffee; Collection; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Set; Diabetes Mellitus; Eating; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Food; Funding; Geography; Health; Health Policy; Income; Label; Latino; Laws; Location; Low income; Malignant Neoplasms; Methods; New York City; Obesity; Outcome; Policies; Population; Premature Mortality; Public Health; Publications; Quasi-experiment; Race; Research; Restaurants; Sales; Surveys; Telephone; Text; Time; Transact; Unhealthy Diet; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; base; demographics; dietary; fast food; food consumption; improved; large scale data; population based; response; rural area; suburb

Project Summary/Abstract Obesity is a pervasive health problem in the United States, and poor diet is now the largest contributor to premature mortality in addition to causing cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Although a number of policies have been developed to address obesity by changing the environment in which food is purchased, research is needed to understand the impact these policies might have on food purchasing and obesity. Menu labeling is one such policy, requiring chain establishments to disclose the caloric value of menu items in text alongside each menu item so consumers can make more informed choices. These policies began in 2008 and were implemented nationwide under federal law in 2018. Prior studies of menu labeling are valuable yet lack a key feature needed to better understand the impact of labeling: large scale data on a vast number of purchases, which would allow for the estimation of small but meaningful cumulative effects (i.e., effects that produce population-level dietary improvements). We address this problem by using data provided from Taco Bell, a chain that has over 7,000 stores in the U.S., with over 5 billion transactions since 2007. The company has given us full access to receipt-level data, meaning we can identify the exact items (and calories) ordered for each purchase. These data and the staggered rollout of menu labeling policies across the nation from 2008 – 2018 will allow us to use a quasi-experimental design to demonstrate the impact of menu labeling on items and calories purchased in an incredibly well-powered and nuanced manner. We are unaware of any other examination of menu labeling that leverages such large-scale sales data, including at a national level. Our specific aims are: • Aim 1: Determine the impact of calorie labeling on calories purchased by Taco Bell consumers. • Aim 2: Determine the extent to which the impact of labeling differs by characteristics of the community, including a) demographics of the community (income and race/ethnicity), and b) urbanicity of the restaurant location. • Aim 3: Determine the extent to which the impact of labeling differs by characteristics of the purchase, including a) time of day, b) weekend or weekday, and c) drive through or ordered in the restaurant.

项目摘要/摘要 肥胖是美国普遍存在的健康问题，现在饮食不佳现在是最大的贡献者 除了引起心血管疾病，癌症和糖尿病外，死亡率过早。虽然有很多 已经制定了通过改变购买食物的环境来解决肥胖的政策 需要进行研究以了解这些政策可能对食品购买和肥胖的影响。菜单 标签就是这样的政策，要求连锁机构在文本中披露菜单项的热量价值 除了每个菜单项之外，消费者可以做出更明智的选择。这些政策始于2008年， 2018年根据联邦法律实施了全国范围的国家。菜单标签的先前研究很有价值，但缺乏 需要更好地了解标签的影响所需的关键功能：大规模数据对大量购买， 这将允许估计小但有意义的累积效应（即产生的影响 人口级饮食改善）。我们通过使用来自Taco Bell提供的数据来解决此问题 连锁店在美国拥有超过7,000家商店，自2007年以来拥有超过50亿美元的交易。 我们完全访问收据级数据，这意味着我们可以确定每个订购的确切项目（和卡路里） 购买。这些数据以及2008年至2018年全国范围内菜单标签政策的交错推出 将允许我们使用准实验设计来证明菜单标签对项目和 卡路里以极大的动力和细微差别的方式购买。我们不知道其他任何 检查菜单标签，以利用此类大规模销售数据，包括在国家一级。 我们的具体目的是： •AIM 1：确定卡路里标签对Taco Bell消费者购买的卡路里的影响。 •目标2：确定标签差异按社区特征的影响的程度， 包括a）社区人口统计（收入和种族/种族），b） 餐厅的位置。 •目标3：确定按购买特征划分差异的影响的程度， 包括a）一天中的时间，b）周末或工作日，c）在餐厅开车或订购。