Impact of the Built Environment on Child Body Mass Index

建筑环境对儿童体重指数的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9750713
负责人：
Brian Elbel
金额：
$ 67.56万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-15 至 2021-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9750713
关键词：
Affect Athletic Attention Body mass index Capital Censuses Characteristics Child Childhood Cities Communities Data Data Set Education Elevator Environment Epidemic Esthetics Ethnic Origin Floor Food Funding Grain Grant Health Policy Health Promotion Health behavior Hispanics Home environment Income Infrastructure Investments Knowledge Learning Link Location Longevity Low income Methodology Methods Micro Array Data Modeling Neighborhoods New York City Obesity Physical activity Policies Population Population Characteristics Public Health Race Research Research Personnel Resources Role Safety Schools Structure Students Subway System Techniques Transportation United States Variant Weight Work built environment cost data resource design econometrics food environment foot health disparity improved income disparities insight interest land use multidisciplinary obesity in children skills sociodemographics success time use urban planning urban school

项目摘要

Project Summary The last several years have witnessed growing interest in the potential contribution of the “built environment” to the epidemic increase in obesity rates in the United States. This includes both the large structural aspects of the neighborhood and physical characteristics of homes and schools at the very micro level (the interiors and associated grounds of these buildings). The structural aspects of the neighborhood that surround the home and school includes urban design features such as streets and highways, land use mix, street connectivity, public transportation infrastructure (i.e., subway stations), park land, and recreational infrastructure, all of which could affect both physical activity and the accessibility of food and other resources. The physical characteristics of the home or school—including building size, the presence of elevators, stairs, spaces for physical activity, and related factors—could determine opportunities for physical activity and amount of activity needed to navigate the space. Thus far not established is how each of these factors contributes to childhood BMI in a distinct and interconnected way and/or how changes in such factors could influence obesity rates in a causal manner. This gap in knowledge is particularly troubling given the high cost of changing the built environment as well as the longevity of investments once made. Our research promises to provide insight critical to policymakers planning urban infrastructure investment. Particularly important to consider are disparities, and whether differences in the built environment could explain differences in obesity rates in key demographic groups, including income and race/ethnicity. We propose to combine New York City Department of Education FITNESSGRAM data, which includes BMI, school and residential locations, for all New York City public school children from 2005 onward, with detailed data on the built environment surrounding each child’s home and school as well as within their home and school. Then, we will use a variety of enhanced methodological techniques to estimate a less-biased, more causal relationship between the built environment and obesity. The methodological enhancements we utilize over past work are: • A large, detailed dataset, including data on over 1 million NYC public school children. • Examining longitudinally the same children over time, using both child, school and census tract level fixed effects, among other methods, to determine casualty. • Examining fine-grained differences in the built environment. For example, the relative influence of living within 500 feet of a park or other built environment resources • Data on both the home and school built environment, both inside the building and in the neighborhood, modeled together. With these enhancements, we will be able to provide improved estimates on the influence of the built environment on child BMI, substantially answering key health and policy-related questions.

项目摘要最近几年见证了对“建筑环境”的潜在贡献的日益兴趣美国肥胖率的流行增长。这包括在非常微观层面的房屋和学校的社区和身体特征（内部和这些建筑物的相关理由）。房屋周围社区的结构性方面学校包括城市设计功能，例如街道和高速公路，土地用途混合，街道连通性，公共交通基础设施（即地铁站），帕克兰和休闲基础设施这可能会影响食物和其他资源的体育锻炼和可访问性。身体家庭或学校的特征 - 包括建筑物的规模，电梯的存在，楼梯，空间体育活动和相关因素 - 应该确定体育锻炼的机会和数量导航空间所需的活动。这些因素中的每个因素如何促成童年时期的BMI以独特而相互联系的方式和/或此类因素的变化如何影响肥胖率以因果方式。鉴于更改的高成本，知识的差距尤其令人不安建筑环境以及投资的寿命曾经进行。我们的研究有望提供对计划城市基础设施投资的决策者至关重要的见解。特别重要的是是分布，以及建筑环境中的差异是否可以解释肥胖率的差异关键人口群体，包括收入和种族/种族。我们建议结合纽约市教育部Fitnessgram数据（包括BMI，学校和居民位置）纽约市公立小学生从2005年开始，并提供有关建筑环境的详细数据围绕每个孩子的家庭和学校以及他们的家庭和学校。然后，我们将使用一个品种增强的方法学技术，以估计建筑物之间偏见的，更具因果关系环境与肥胖。我们在过去的工作中使用的方法学增强功能是： •一个大型详细的数据集，包括超过100万个纽约公立学童的数据。 •使用儿童，学校和人口普查水平，随着时间的推移纵向检查同一孩子固定效果除其他方法以确定伤亡。 •检查建筑环境中的细粒差异。例如，相对影响生活在公园或其他建筑环境资源的500英尺内 •有关家庭和学校建筑环境的数据，包括邻居，一起建模。通过这些增强功能，我们将能够对建造的影响进行改进的估计儿童BMI的环境，实质上回答了关键健康和与政策有关的问题。