Selective disruption of hippocampal dentate granule cells in autism: impact of PT

自闭症患者海马齿状颗粒细胞的选择性破坏：PT 的影响

基本信息

批准号：
7633859
负责人：
Steve C Danzer
金额：
$ 37.5万
依托单位：
CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-05-01 至 2014-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7633859
关键词：
Age Animal Testing Animals Autistic Disorder Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Birth Brain Brain Part Brain imaging Brain region Cells Cerebellum Characteristics Child Childhood Cognition Cognitive deficits Dendrites Development Diagnosis Diphtheria Toxin Disease DsRed Electroencephalography Embryo Epilepsy Exhibits Gene Expression Generations Genes Growth Hippocampus (Brain)Human Immediate-Early Genes Impairment Infection Knock-out Language Language Development Lead Learning Memory Monitor Mus Mutate Mutation Nature Neurocognitive Deficit Neurodevelopmental Disorder Neurons Newborn Infant PI3K/AKT PTEN gene Pathway interactions Patients Pattern Pilot Projects Play Population Prevalence Reporter Resistance Role Seizures Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Symptoms Tamoxifen Technology Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Testing Thick Time Toxin Transgenic Mice Vertebral column Withdrawal autistic children brain cell communication behavior density dentate gyrus diphtheria toxin receptor effective therapy granule cell infancy insight interest member mossy fiber mouse model novel postnatal prevent progenitor promoter public health relevance receptor expression recombinase social virtual white matter

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During the development of a child, most brain cells are generated before birth. There is one group of brain cells, however, that are generated in large numbers in infancy. This occurs in a brain region called the hippocampus. These cells are important for the normal development of memory, cognition and language, and disruption of these cells is present in children with autism. Disruption of these cells may also contribute to the prevalence of epilepsy in children with autism. Although it makes sense that these cells are responsible for key features of autism, children with the disease exhibit changes in many other parts of the brain as well. Our limited understanding of which changes are important, unfortunately, has slowed progress in the field. In the present proposal, therefore, we will examine the impact of eliminating a gene known to be involved in autism on these late-generated cells. These studies will reveal whether selectively disrupting these cells can reproduce features of autism. Demonstrating that these cells play an important role in the development of autism (or associated conditions like epilepsy), will provide a compelling rationale to develop new therapies to protect these vulnerable cells. In addition, since these cells are born so late in development, and are actually produced through childhood and into adulthood, it may be possible to prevent the disruption of cells born after a diagnosis of autism and thus allow the brain to naturally restore itself. It is our hope that these studies will move us closer to developing new and more effective treatments for autism. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed studies seek to better elucidate the causes of autism by determining whether selective disruption of late-generated neurons - specifically hippocampal dentate granule cells - contributes to key features of autism. This will be achieved using a novel combination of transgenic mice to selectively eliminate a gene implicated in autism from these late-generated neurons. Significantly, although the proximal cause of autism remains to be determined in most cases, the late generation of these neurons (in the late embryonic period and in infancy) may make them uniquely vulnerable to a variety of insults faced by the newborn child (e.g. infection). The proposal will also examine the role of granule cells in the development of epilepsy, the condition most commonly associated with autism.

描述（由申请人提供）：在儿童的发育过程中，大多数脑细胞是在出生前生成的。然而，有一组脑细胞是在婴儿期大量产生的。这发生在称为海马体的大脑区域。这些细胞对于记忆、认知和语言的正常发育很重要，自闭症儿童中存在这些细胞的破坏。这些细胞的破坏也可能导致自闭症儿童癫痫的患病率。尽管这些细胞导致自闭症的关键特征是有道理的，但患有这种疾病的儿童大脑的许多其他部分也表现出变化。不幸的是，我们对哪些变化是重要的了解有限，减缓了该领域的进展。因此，在本提案中，我们将研究消除已知与自闭症有关的基因对这些晚期产生的细胞的影响。这些研究将揭示选择性破坏这些细胞是否可以重现自闭症的特征。证明这些细胞在自闭症（或癫痫等相关疾病）的发展中发挥着重要作用，将为开发保护这些脆弱细胞的新疗法提供令人信服的理由。此外，由于这些细胞出生时发育较晚，而且实际上是从童年到成年产生的，因此有可能防止自闭症诊断后出生的细胞受到破坏，从而使大脑自然恢复。我们希望这些研究将使我们更接近开发新的、更有效的自闭症治疗方法。公共健康相关性：拟议的研究旨在通过确定晚期生成神经元（特别是海马齿状颗粒细胞）的选择性破坏是否会导致自闭症的关键特征，从而更好地阐明自闭症的原因。这将通过使用转基因小鼠的新型组合来实现，以选择性地消除这些晚期产生的神经元中与自闭症有关的基因。值得注意的是，尽管在大多数情况下，自闭症的直接原因仍有待确定，但这些神经元的晚期产生（在胚胎晚期和婴儿期）可能使它们特别容易受到新生儿面临的各种侮辱（例如感染））。该提案还将研究颗粒细胞在癫痫发展中的作用，癫痫是与自闭症最常见的相关疾病。