Attention Capture in Fear, Anxiety, and Depression

恐惧、焦虑和抑郁时的注意力捕捉

• 批准号: 7627414
• 负责人: Peter J Lang
• 金额: $ 21.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7627414
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affective; Anger; Anxiety; Attention; Attenuated; Base of the Brain; Blinking; Brain; Chemosensitization; Chronic; Chronic stress; Clinical; Cues; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Exposure to; Face; Fright; Hand; Human; Individual; Injury; Major Depressive Disorder; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Mydriasis; Organism; Participant; Pathology; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Process; Psychophysiology; Reaction Time; Recording of previous events; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Sensory; Staging; System; Techniques; Therapeutic; Time; attentional modulation; base; blink reflexes; coping; depressed; depression; emotional reaction; hedonic; indexing; public health relevance; response; social; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of the present research is to assess attention capture, sustained attention, and defensive reflex engagement during emotional perception in anxiety patients diagnosed with and without co-morbid major depression, and in healthy control participants. Previous studies suggest that anxious, depressed, and control participants differ variously in affective processing: 1) in early and later stages of processing, 2) in response to intact or degraded affective cues, and 3) and in the modulation of attentional (e.g., RT) or emotional (e.g., startle blink) indices. Whereas fearful, anxious patients generally show rapid attention capture and strong emotional engagement in response to threat cues, relative to controls, results for depressed patients are mixed. Here, we use a multi-modal measurement array (brain, reflex, and reaction time) to address attentional and emotional engagement in socially anxious patients -- both depressed and non-depressed -- as these processes develop chronometrically during picture perception. The overall hypothesis is that whereas fearful anxiety is characterized by robust activation of the brain's defense system, quickly attracting attentional resources and mobilizing the organism to confront even half-perceived threats; comorbid depression represents a more chronic stage in the development of affective pathology in which attention and emotion are uncoupled, possibly reflecting top down effects of perseverative rumination that delays or diverts external focus, or indicative of a general systemic disorder, based on a history of chronic stress, that blunts defensive reflexes and coping actions. To assess potential differences in a single paradigm, the temporal development of attention and emotion are assessed using an acoustic probe methodology that efficiently assesses these processes when participants view affective cues: (1) The blink reflex to a startling acoustic probe is a robust measure of the degree to which the brain's defensive system is engaged; (2) the P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) to an acoustic probe provides a direct, brain-based measure of sustained attention allocation; and (3) reaction time (RT) to an acoustic probe reflects early attention capture. Because acoustic probes are easily presented at various temporal delays after picture onset, the probe methodology opens a chronometric window on the developing trajectories of both attention to threatening cues and emotional reactivity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Heightened attention and emotion to aversive events is often described as underlying the persistence of anxiety and depression in patients diagnosed with these disorders. The proposed research explores the time course of attention capture and emotional engagement when socially anxious patients diagnosed with or without comorbid depression are confronted with threatening cues. A variety of existing hypotheses regarding differences and deficits in anxiety and depression are assessed in a single psychophysiological session that could help to address perplexing patterns found in past studies as well as to illuminate basic mechanisms in co-morbid pathology that are fundamental for developing new assessment and/or therapeutic techniques.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的目的是评估注意力捕获，持续的关注和防御反射互动在焦虑患者中，诊断为有或没有合并症的重大抑郁症以及健康对照参与者的焦虑患者。先前的研究表明，焦虑，沮丧和控制的参与者在情感处理方面有所不同：1）在处理的早期和更晚期，2）响应完整或降解的情感提示，以及3）以及调节注意力（例如RT）或情感（例如，暂停闪烁）索引。而恐惧的，焦虑的患者通常会在响应威胁提示的情况下表现出迅速的注意力捕获和强烈的情绪参与，而相对于控制措施，抑郁症患者的结果是混合的。在这里，我们使用多模式测量阵列（大脑，反射和反应时间）来解决社会焦虑患者的注意力和情绪参与，无论是抑郁症和不抑郁的，这些过程在图片感知期间都会在时间表上发展。总体假设是，尽管令人恐惧的焦虑的特征是大脑的防御系统的激活，迅速吸引了注意力资源并动员了有机体，即使是一半感知的威胁。合并症抑郁症代表了情感病理发展的一个更慢性的阶段，在情感病理学的发展中，注意力和情感是未耦合的，可能反映了持续反省的自上而下的效果，持续性反省的效果延迟或转移了外部注意力，或者根据慢性压力的一般全身性障碍，这是基于慢性压力的一般全身性障碍，这种疾病是钝性的反射和应对动作。为了评估单个范式中的潜在差异，使用声学探针方法来评估注意力和情绪的时间发展，当参与者认为情感提示时，该方法有效评估了这些过程：（1）眨眼反射对令人震惊的声学探针是对大脑防御系统的强大程度衡量的量； （2）与事件相关电位（ERP）的P3分量对声学探针提供了直接的，基于大脑的持续注意分配的度量； （3）对声学探针的反应时间（RT）反映了早期注意力的捕获。由于图片发作后的各种时间延迟很容易出现声学探针，因此探针方法论在对威胁性线索和情感反应性的发展轨迹上打开了一个计时窗口。公共卫生相关性：对厌恶事件的关注和情绪的增加通常被描述为诊断出患有这些疾病的患者的焦虑和抑郁症的持续性。拟议的研究探讨了当诊断出或没有合并症抑郁症的社会焦虑患者面临威胁性线索时，注意力捕获和情感参与的时间过程。在一次心理生理学会议中评估了各种关于焦虑和抑郁症的差异和抑郁症缺陷的现有假设，这些假设可以帮助解决过去研究中发现的困惑模式，并阐明合并病理学中的基本机制，这些机制是开发新评估和/或治疗技术的基本性的。