A Developmental Approach to Testing Suicidal Phenotypes in Early Childhood in Black Youth

测试黑人青少年童年早期自杀表型的发展方法

• 批准号: 10728686
• 负责人: Kathryn Elizabeth Keenan
• 金额: $ 82.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-22 至 2028-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10728686
• 关键词: 11 year old; 7 year old; 9 year old; Adolescent; Age; Behavior; Behavioral; Black American; Black race; Buffers; Cause of Death; Child; Childhood; Communities; Data; Development; Discrimination; Early identification; Enrollment; Exposure to; Failure; Family; Feeling hopeless; Feeling suicidal; Impulsivity; Individual Differences; Institutional Racism; Lead; Left; Loneliness; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Moods; Mothers; National Institute of Mental Health; Parents; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Phenotype; Procedures; Process; Process Measure; Psychological Theory; Race; Reaction; Recording of previous events; Recurrence; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Self-Injurious Behavior; Social Environment; Socialization; Structural Racism; Suicide; Suicide attempt; Suicide prevention; System; Testing; Thinking; Woman; Work; Youth; acceptability and feasibility; age group; aged; analog; cohort; design; early adolescence; early childhood; emerging adult; ethnic identity; experience; falls; girls; heart rate variability; high risk; member; offspring; prevent; prospective; protective factors; racial identity; racism; recruit; response; suicidal; suicidal behavior; suicidal risk; suicide model; suicide rate; trend

Project Summary Suicide is the 5th leading cause of death among children aged 5-11 (CDC, 2020). Rates of child suicide has increased by 68% in the last decade, with rates significantly higher among Black compared to white children (Bridge et al., 2018). The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has identified suicide prevention as an urgent priority, particularly for groups at highest risk. Most studies of suicidality have been conducted in majority White samples, leaving the experiences of Black children left out of scientific efforts to reduce youth suicide. Thus, there is in urgent need for developmentally and culturally informed research on suicidality. In this application we propose to adapt a widely used model for understanding the development of suicidal thoughts and the transition from thoughts to behavior, the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS; Joiner, 2005), according to which hopelessness in the context of lack of belongingness and burdensomeness leads to suicidal ideation, and capacity to engage in self-harm leads to suicidal behavior. Components of the IPTS have been reliably measured in adolescents and children as young as 10 years (Horton et al., 2016; Roberts et al., 2020; Stewart, et al., 2017). The model was further elaborated to be relevant for Black youth by including exposure to systemic, structural, and interpersonal racism as risks for and racial socialization and identity as protective against suicidality (Robinson et al., 2021). We propose to test the reliability, validity, and stability of a developmentally and culturally informed IPTS model beginning in early childhood (age 4-6 years) in Black youth. The Pittsburgh Girls Study (PGS) is a 20-year longitudinal study of 2,450 women who were initially enrolled when they were between the ages of 5 and 8 years. We propose to enroll 300 Black offspring of PGS participants and will enrich the sample by recruiting children of mothers with a history of suicidal ideation and attempts, which have been measured prospectively for 20 years. We aim to recruit two age groups of children: 5–7-year-olds and 7–9-year-olds. Both groups will be assessed six times at 9-month intervals, through ages 10-12 years. This design will allow us to test the reliability, validity, and stability from early childhood to early adolescence of hypothesized constructs of the suicidal process measured across multiple systems. Along with data from parent- and self-report, heart rate variability and mood will be measured in response to age-appropriate probes: Cyberball, parent-child tasks, loss/failure tasks, and the Balloon Analogue Reaction Task, which are hypothesized to yield individual differences in loneliness, connectedness, self-worth and hopelessness, and impulsivity. Embedding a study of early childhood suicide phenotypes in Black children of PGS participants will allow robust tests of early risk and stability of suicidality in the context of culturally relevant risk and protective factors including exposure to systemic, structural, and interpersonal racism, and racial socialization and identity. Testing the proposed aims will yield suicidal phenotypes that are relevant for young Black children and that will contribute to efforts to reverse the recent trends in Black youth suicide.

项目摘要 自杀是5-11岁儿童中的第五大死亡原因（CDC，2020年）。儿童自杀率有 在过去的十年中，黑色儿童的率显着高68％ （Bridge等，2018）。美国国家心理健康研究所（NIMH）已确定预防自杀 紧急优先级，特别是对于最高风险的群体。大多数自杀研究都是在大多数的 白色样本，留下了黑人儿童的经历，没有科学的努力来减少青年自杀。 这是迫切需要对自杀性的发展和文化知识的研究。在这个 我们建议的应用程序适应广泛使用的模型，以理解自杀思想的发展 以及从思想到行为的过渡，即自杀的人际心理学理论（IPTS； Joiner， 2005年），根据哪些在缺乏归属感和磨损的背景下的绝望导致 自杀的想法和自我伤害的能力导致自杀行为。 IPT的组件有 在10岁以下的青少年和儿童中可靠地衡量（Horton等，2016； Roberts等， 2020; Stewart等，2017）。通过包括 接触系统，结构和人际种族主义，作为对种族社会化的风险和身份的风险 保护自杀性（Robinson等，2021）。我们建议测试A的可靠性，有效性和稳定性 从发育和文化知识的IPTS模型始于幼儿时代（4-6岁）黑人青年。 匹兹堡女孩研究（PGS）是一项为期20年的纵向研究 他们的年龄在5至8岁之间。我们建议在PGS参与者中注册300个黑色后代 通过招募具有自杀念头和尝试史的母亲的孩子来丰富样本 已预先测量了20年。我们的目标是招募两个年龄段的儿童：5-7岁 和7-9岁的孩子。两组将在10-12岁的时间内以9个月的间隔进行六次评估。这 设计将使我们能够测试从幼儿到早期青少年的可靠性，有效性和稳定性 自杀过程的假设结构在多个系统中测量。以及来自父母的数据 以及自我报告，心率变异性和情绪将以适合年龄的问题来衡量： 网络球，亲子任务，损失/失败任务和气球模拟反应任务， 假设可以在孤独，联系，自我价值和绝望的情况下产生个体差异，并且 冲动。嵌入对PGS黑人儿童的幼儿自杀表型的研究将会 在文化相关的风险和保护性的背景下，允许对自杀的早期风险和稳定的稳定测试 包括暴露于系统，结构和人际种族主义以及种族社会化和身份的因素。 测试所提出的目标将产生与年轻黑人儿童相关的自杀表型 努力扭转黑人青年自杀的最新趋势。