Mechanisms and Evolutionary Consequences of a Reproduction-Immunity Tradeoff

生殖-免疫权衡的机制和进化后果

• 批准号: 10653026
• 负责人: Brian Lazzaro
• 金额: $ 51.16万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10653026
• 关键词: Agriculture; Animals; Automobile Driving; Biological; Biological Models; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Direct Costs; Drosophila melanogaster; Endocrine; Environment; Equilibrium; Female; Fertility; Genes; Genetic Models; Genetic Variation; Hormonal; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immunity; Immunosuppression; Individual; Infection; Infrastructure; Insect Control; Insecta; Intervention; Investments; Juvenile Hormones; Kinetics; Knowledge; Mediating; Modeling; Natural Selections; Organism; Output; Partner in relationship; Performance; Phenotype; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Plants; Population; Process; Production; Proteins; Public Health; Regulation; Reproduction; Resources; Role; Sampling; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; System; Testing; Tissues; Transcript; Translational Repression; Translations; Variant; Work; cost; egg; experimental study; fitness; hormonal signals; life history; novel; oocyte quality; pleiotropism; pressure; reproductive; response; theories; trait

PROJECT SUMMARY All organisms must simultaneously balance multiple competing demands on their energetic and physiological resources. This can result in conflict among traits, driving physiological and evolutionary tradeoffs. Defense against infection and reproductive capacity are each under strong natural selection as important contributors to evolutionary fitness, both are energetically demanding, and tradeoffs between the two are nearly universal in plants and animals, including those with public health importance. Yet despite their ubiquity and importance, surprisingly little is known about the mechanistic basis for reproduction-immunity tradeoffs. This shortcoming in knowledge limits inference about the evolutionary process and applies practical limitations on the capacity for interventions to control insect pests in agricultural or public health contexts. The proposed project will use the tractable model insect Drosophila melanogaster to determine mechanisms by which reproductive investment constrains immune performance, exploring the evolutionary implications of the tradeoff and providing rare understanding of how life history tradeoffs arise and are maintained. The project will test of the hormonal theory of pleiotropy, which posits that endocrine signaling can act as a master regulator to shape life history tradeoffs, with a focus on insect Juvenile Hormone (JH). Initial experiments will determine the temporal kinetics of JH signaling in response to mating and the quantitative relationship between JH signal intensity and degree of immune suppression. Subsequent experiments will determine the mechanisms by which JH suppresses immunity, seeking to identify novel regulatory processes, testing a hypothesis that the tradeoff can arise through strain on cellular infrastructure, and determining whether immunosuppression can be decoupled from reproductive investment. Additional experiments will test whether naturally occurring genetic variation in JH signaling determines natural phenotypic variability in the magnitude of the reproduction-immunity tradeoff and whether energetic investment required for reproductive output directly limits the quality of immune defense. The data obtained will comprise an in-depth study of the focal system and will reveal principles that can be generalized across diverse systems.

项目摘要 所有生物都必须同时在其充满活力的情况下同时平衡多个竞争要求 生理资源。这可能导致特征之间的冲突，驱动生理和进化论 权衡。针对感染和生殖能力的防御均处于强烈的自然选择之下 作为进化健身的重要贡献者，两者在精力充沛的要求和权衡方面都很有用 两者之间的动植物几乎是普遍的，包括公共卫生的动物 重要性。然而，尽管它们无处不在和重要性，但令人惊讶的是对机械的知之甚少 繁殖免疫权衡的基础。知识限制了关于有关的缺点 进化过程并应用了控制昆虫的干预能力的实际限制 农业或公共卫生环境中的害虫。拟议的项目将使用可访问的模型昆虫 果蝇Melanogaster确定生殖投资约束的机制 免疫性能，探索权衡的进化含义并提供罕见 了解生活历史如何出现和维持的方式。该项目将测试 多效性的激素理论认为，内分泌信号传导可以充当主调节剂 塑造生活历史的权衡，重点是昆虫青少年激素（JH）。最初的实验将 确定响应交配的JH信号的时间动力学和定量关系 JH信号强度和免疫抑制程度之间。随后的实验将 确定JH抑制免疫力的机制，试图识别新的调节性 过程，检验一个假设，即通过对细胞基础设施的压力而产生权衡的假设，并且 确定是否可以将免疫抑制与生殖投资解耦。额外的 实验将测试JH信号中自然发生的遗传变异是否决定自然 繁殖免疫权衡的大小的表型变异性以及是否能量 生殖产出所需的投资直接限制了免疫防御的质量。数据 获得的将包括对焦点系统的深入研究，并将揭示可以是 跨不同系统概括。

项目成果

A robust method to isolate Drosophila fat body nuclei for transcriptomic analysis.

• DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2021.1978776
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Fly
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Gupta V;Lazzaro BP
• 通讯作者: Lazzaro BP

No evidence for trans-generational immune priming in Drosophila melanogaster.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288342
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: PLOS ONE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Radhika, R.;Lazzaro, Brian P.
• 通讯作者: Lazzaro, Brian P.

Drosophila Arc1 is not required for male fertility or sperm competition success.

• DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001053
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: microPublication biology
• 作者: Gordon, Kathleen;Gonzales, Patrick;Lee, Caroline;Marcin, Jeremy;Takashima, Yoko;Lazzaro, Brian;Wolfner, Mariana
• 通讯作者: Wolfner, Mariana

Antimicrobial peptides: Application informed by evolution.

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5480
• 发表时间: 2020-05-01
• 期刊: Science (New York, N.Y.)
• 作者: Lazzaro BP;Zasloff M;Rolff J
• 通讯作者: Rolff J

Inherent constraints on a polyfunctional tissue lead to a reproduction-immunity tradeoff.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01328-w
• 发表时间: 2022-06-02
• 期刊: BMC BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Gupta, Vanika;Frank, Ashley M.;Matolka, Nick;Lazzaro, Brian P.
• 通讯作者: Lazzaro, Brian P.