The Effects of New E-cigarette Internet Sales Bans and E-cigarette Flavor Bans on Tobacco Use by Youth, Young Adults and Adults

新的电子烟互联网销售禁令和电子烟口味禁令对青少年、年轻人和成年人使用烟草的影响

• 批准号: 10449651
• 负责人: Henry Saffer
• 金额: $ 29.7万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10449651
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Adoption; Adult; Affect; Age; Area; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Cigarette; Consumption; Cotinine; Data; Drug usage; Effectiveness; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Future; Health; Health Promotion; Health Surveys; Individual; Internet; Intervention; Knowledge; Laws; Legal; Licensing; Life Cycle Stages; Literature; Measures; Monitor; National Health Interview Survey; Natural experiment; Nervous System Trauma; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Outcome; Pattern; Policies; Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health; Prevention; Public Health; Public Policy; Quasi-experiment; Regulation; Research; Risk; Sales; Smokeless; Smokeless Tobacco; Smoker; Smoking; Surgeon; Surveys; Suspensions; System; Tobacco use; Variant; Youth; adverse outcome; base; cognitive development; combustible tobacco; econometrics; electronic cigarette use; nicotine exposure; nicotine use; smokeless tobacco use; smoking abstinence; smoking cessation; tobacco products; tobacco regulation; uptake; vaping; virtual; young adult

Project Summary Use of all tobacco products by youth and young adults up to age 25 poses a serious public health concern because this group is at risk of long-term health effects and neurological damage from nicotine exposure. Interventions targeted at them to discourage tobacco use can help lower the trajectory of nicotine addiction and use of other addictive substances over the life cycle. Reducing their access to e-cigarettes and altering appealing attributes of e-cigarettes are among the cornerstones of a strategic prevention policy framework. The proposed research will provide the first plausibly causal evidence on the effectiveness of two key policies in affecting tobacco use by youth, young adults and adults. These regulations are: 1) a ban on internet sales of all e-cigarette products; and 2) a comprehensive ban on all added flavors in all e-cigarette products – including those exempt from the current federal ban. Internet sales bans have just been enacted at the federal level although there is no empirical evidence speaking to its causal effect on e-cigarette use. These new bans are intended to target youth and young adults, but they apply to all sales. As a result, spillovers of the policy effects to adults are possible. Because e-cigarettes are potentially beneficial to adult smokers who are trying to quit smoking, it is important to ascertain whether these bans mainly affect youth and young adults or also have any spillover effects on adults and in particular adult smokers. We will assess such potential spillovers of internet sales bans, and comprehensive flavor bans on tobacco use outcomes among adults. Beyond descriptive comparisons, there exists virtually no empirical evidence on how effective these regulations would be in curtailing tobacco use at different age levels. This project will capitalize on natural experiments exploiting variation in the timing of the adoption of bans on online e-cigarette sales and on added flavors in all e-cigarette products, to address this critical knowledge gap and provide the first causal estimates in the literature of these regulations. Analyses will be based on a difference-in-differences framework applied to micro-level data from six large-scale national surveys of youth, and young adults and adults. As part of our main aims, the proposed research will also provide some of the first evidence on how state penalties imposed on retailers for selling e-cigarettes to underage youth and young adults are impacting e-cigarette use by these groups and how they are obtaining their e-cigarettes. Despite the age restrictions, the considerable level of e- cigarette use by youth indicates that the minimum purchase age laws by themselves have had limited effectiveness. Thus, it is important to understand whether stricter penalties can reduce the overall use of e- cigarettes.

项目摘要 使用年轻人和年轻人25岁的青年和年轻人使用所有烟草产品构成严重的公共卫生 担心，因为该组有长期健康影响和尼古丁神经损害的风险 接触。针对它们的干预措施劝阻烟草使用可以帮助降低尼古丁的轨迹 在生命周期中成瘾和使用其他添加剂。减少他们进入电子烟的访问和 改变电子烟的诱人属性是战略预防政策的基石之一 框架。拟议的研究将提供有关两个的有效性的第一个合理的因果证据 影响青年，年轻人和成人烟草使用的关键政策。这些规定是：1）禁止 所有电子烟产品的互联网销售； 2）全面禁止所有电子烟中的所有粉丝 产品 - 包括免于当前联邦禁令的产品。互联网销售禁令刚刚在 联邦一级尽管没有经验证据表明其因子对电子烟的使用作用。 这些新禁令旨在以青年和年轻人为目标，但它们适用于所有销售。因此， 对成年人的政策影响是可能的。因为电子烟可能对成人有益 试图戒烟的吸烟者，重要的是确定这些禁令是否主要影响青年和 年轻人或对成年人，尤其是成年吸烟者产生任何Spilover的影响。我们将评估 互联网销售禁令的潜在Spilovers，以及有关烟草使用结果的全面风味禁令 成年人。除了描述性比较之外，几乎没有关于这些有效性的经验证据 法规将在不同年龄水平上减少烟草使用。这个项目将利用自然 在在线电子烟销售上采用禁令的时间和添加的实验 所有电子烟产品中的口味，以解决此关键知识差距并提供第一个因果估计值 在这些法规的文献中。分析将基于应用的差异框架 从六个大规模的年轻人以及年轻人和成年人的大规模国家调查中进行微观数据。作为我们的一部分 主要目的，拟议的研究还将提供一些有关州刑罚的第一个证据 在零售商上向未成年青年和年轻人出售电子烟，正在影响这些电子烟的使用 小组以及他们如何获得电子烟。尽管限制了年龄的限制，但E-的高度水平 青年使用的香烟表明，最低购买年龄法律本身有限 效力。这一点，重要的是要了解严格的惩罚是否可以减少电子的总体使用 香烟。