PROBING THE CELL-SPECIFIC CONTROL OF FOCAL CORTICAL SEIZURE EVENTS IN VIVO
探究体内局灶性皮质癫痫事件的细胞特异性控制
基本信息
- 批准号:10438529
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2020
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2020-01-01 至 2023-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:4-AminopyridineAreaBrainCellsChronicContralateralConvulsantsCraniocerebral TraumaDetectionDevelopmentDiagnosisDrug resistanceElectric StimulationEpilepsyEtiologyEventEvolutionFocal SeizureFrequenciesFutureHumanImageIndividualInjectionsInjuryInterneuronsInterruptionLateralLeadLesionMeasuresMedicalMethodsMicroscopyModelingMorbidity - disease rateMotor CortexMusNeuronsOperative Surgical ProceduresOutcomePartial EpilepsiesPathway interactionsPatientsPatternPenetrating Head InjuriesPharmaceutical PreparationsPharmacologyPhasePhotonsPilocarpinePlayPopulationPositioning AttributePost-Traumatic EpilepsyPrevalencePropertyRefractoryRoleSeizuresSiteStrokeStudy modelsSurfaceTechniquesTemporal LobeTestingTherapeuticTimeTraumaTraumatic Brain InjuryVeteransVietnamVisual CortexVisual system structurearea V1area V2area striatabasecell typeexcitatory neuronexperimental studyfrontal lobehigh riskhippocampal pyramidal neuronin vivoin vivo monitoringmilitary veteranmouse modelneocorticalnervous system disorderneural circuitoptogeneticspatch clamppreservationreceptorrecruittransmission processtwo photon microscopytwo-photonvoltage
项目摘要
Epilepsy is a common severe neurological disorder with one-year prevalence ~7/1,000, whose circuit
mechanisms are poorly understood. Its prevalence is high among veterans. Patients with post-traumatic brain
injury carry a high risk of epilepsy for decades following injury, causing considerable morbidity. At 15 years
following injury 51% of the subjects in the Vietnam Head Injury Study carried a diagnosis of seizure. Clearly
epilepsy is an important problem for the VA population. Acquired trauma often leads to focal imbalance
between excitation and inhibition, which drives otherwise normal neural circuits into self-perpetuating
oscillatory activity states manifesting as seizures on cortical surface EEG. This phenomenon clearly warrants
study as it is shared by multiple neurological disorders presenting with focal seizures, including chronic focal
epilepsy, which is the most common form of post-traumatic epilepsy. Specifically, we need to understand how
individual neurons get recruited into ictal events in vivo, what is the sequence of recruitment, how properties of
recruitment change with time leading to the onset and offset of ictal activity, how recruitment depends on the
interaction between excitatory neurons with specific classes of inhibitory interneurons, and whether recruitment
proceeds more efficiently along certain circuit pathways more than others.
We will combine large scale in vivo 2-photon microscopy techniques with specific optogenetic modulation of
selected cell types and individual unit patch-clamp recordings to study the emergence and spread of focally
initiated seizures in the 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) mouse model of focal ictogenesis. We propose to study and
compare visual and motor cortex, two areas with different potential for ictogenicity. The 4-AP model is a
reliable, well-established, model of focal neocortical seizures inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) events
similar to the low-voltage fast-onset events observed in human patients with focal post-traumatic epilepsy.
Compared to other chemo-convulsants, GABA-ergic transmission is relatively preserved, making 4-AP an ideal
model for studying how normal inhibitory circuits fail to contain the spread of abnormal events driven by an
excess of excitation as has been argued to occur in post-traumatic epilepsy.
In Aim #1, we will measure the profile of recruitment of individual neurons to the phases of progression of
focal neocortical seizure events observed by EEG after 4-AP injection, and will determine how recruitment
depends on cell type and position along the cortical circuit. The 3 major classes of GABA-ergic interneurons
(PV+, SOM+, VIP+) will be monitored in vivo and their recruitment to seizure events characterized in layers
2/3, 4, and 5, in area V1 (the site of 4-AP injection) as well as in area V2 and the contralateral cortex. We
expect cortical neurons to be differentially modulated during the interictal, pre-ictal, ictal-proper and post-ictal
phases. Recruitment profiles of different neuronal types during the evolution of epileptiform activity from
interictal to ictal will be informative about the role these neurons play in seizure progression. To identify
universal themes of circuit malfunction we will compare 4-AP to the pilocarpine model of focal ictogenesis.
In Aim #2, we will use optogenetic methods to interrogate the causal role of different interneuronal types in
the evolution of focal epileptiform activity from interictal to ictal and test how to stop the seizures. We expect
that different interneuron classes make distinct contributions to the entrainment of local cortical circuits by
ictogenic activity. This will likely depend on cortical layer. Interneurons that engage differentially during the
various phases of seizure progression will be prime targets for controlling ictal activity.
Understanding how individual neurons get recruited into seizure events in focal epilepsy and how they
influence ictogenesis will form the basis for the future development of new, circuit-based, therapeutic strategies
targeting specific cell classes. This represents a shift of paradigm complementary to current pharmacologic
approaches.
癫痫是一种常见的严重神经系统疾病,一年患病率〜7/1,000,其电路
机制知之甚少。在退伍军人中,其流行率很高。创伤后大脑的患者
受伤后数十年的损伤具有很高的癫痫风险,导致考虑发病率。 15年
在受伤后51%的受试者中,越南头部损伤研究进行了癫痫发作的诊断。清楚地
癫痫是VA人群的重要问题。获得的创伤通常导致局灶性失衡
在兴奋和抑制之间,这将原本正常的神经回路驱动到自我永久性
振荡活性状态在皮质表面脑电图上表现为癫痫发作。这种现象清晰的认股权证
研究的研究是由多种神经系统疾病呈现的,伴有局灶性癫痫发作,包括慢性局灶
癫痫病,这是创伤后癫痫的最常见形式。具体来说,我们需要了解如何
单个神经元被招募到体内的ICTAL事件中,招募的顺序是什么,
随着时间的推移招募变化,导致发作和抵消Ictal活动,招聘如何取决于
兴奋性神经元与特定类别的抑制性中间神经元之间的相互作用,以及招募是否招募
沿着某些电路途径的进行比其他电路途径更有效。
我们将在体内2光子显微镜技术中结合大规模的大小与特定的光遗传学调制
选定的单元类型和单个单位贴片钳记录,以研究局部的出现和扩散
在局灶性发作发生的4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)小鼠模型中癫痫发作。我们建议学习和
比较视觉和运动皮层,这两个区域具有不同的发作性。 4-AP模型是
可靠,建立良好的局灶性新皮层癫痫发作模型,引起脑电图(EEG)事件
类似于人类创伤后癫痫患者中观察到的低压快速发作事件。
与其他化学杂志的人相比,GABA-ergic传播相对保留,使4-AP成为一个想法
用于研究正常抑制循环如何无法包含由一个异常事件的传播的模型
过量的兴奋,正如事后癫痫后发生的那样。
在AIM#1中,我们将衡量招募单个神经元的概况
4-AP注射后脑电图观察到的局灶性新皮质癫痫发作事件,并将确定募集方式
取决于沿皮质回路的细胞类型和位置。 GABA-ergic INTERRONS的三个主要类别
(PV+,SOM+,VIP+)将在体内进行监测,并将其招募到以层为特征的癫痫发作事件
V1区域(4-AP注射部位)以及区域V2和对侧皮层中的2/3、4和5。我们
期望皮质神经元在发作,剧前,发作性和后造影术中会有所不同
阶段。在从癫痫表现活性演变中的不同神经元类型的募集谱
ICTAL的间歇性将使这些神经元在癫痫发作进展中的作用具有丰富的信息。识别
电路故障的通用主题,我们将将4-AP与斑car虫模型进行比较。
在AIM#2中,我们将使用光遗传学方法来询问不同的神经间类型的因果作用
局灶性癫痫活性从发作到诊断的演变,并测试如何阻止癫痫发作。我们期望
不同的中间神经元的课程为局部皮质回路做出了不同的贡献
裂缝活性。这可能取决于皮层。中间神经元在
癫痫发作进展的各个阶段将是控制发作活性的主要目标。
了解如何将单个神经元招募到焦点癫痫中的癫痫发作事件以及它们如何
影响截瘫将构成新的,基于电路的,治疗策略的未来发展的低音
针对特定的单元格。这代表了范式的完整性转变为当前的药理
方法。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Stelios Manolis Smirnakis其他文献
Stelios Manolis Smirnakis的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Stelios Manolis Smirnakis', 18)}}的其他基金
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