Regulatory Impact on Vape Shops and Young Adults' Use of ENDS

监管对电子烟商店和年轻人使用 ENDS 的影响

• 批准号: 10310412
• 负责人: Carla J Berg
• 金额: $ 52.87万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10310412
• 关键词: Address; Advertising; Age; Area; Awareness; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Communities; Data; Demography; Devices; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronic cigarette; Environment; Exposure to; Felis catus; Future; Generations; Harm Reduction; Health; Health Policy; Individual; Industry; Legal; Literature; Location; Malignant Neoplasms; Manufacturer Name; Marketing; Neighborhoods; Nicotine; Perception; Policies; Population; Proliferating; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Regulation; Research; Risk; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Smoker; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; Target Populations; Taste Perception; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Vaporizer; Vulnerable Populations; addiction; critical period; density; economic impact; electronic hookah; electronic liquid; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; health practice; health warning; high risk; high risk population; infancy; metropolitan; polysubstance use; polytobacco use; programs; racial and ethnic; secondary outcome; smoke-free policy; social; socioeconomic disadvantage; substance use; tobacco control; tobacco products; vaping; vapor; warning label; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have emerged in the US market, with use and awareness rapidly increasing in recent years, particularly in young adults. While ENDS may facilitate harm reduction in smokers, ENDS represent significant health risks, including addiction in the nicotine-naïve (e.g., young adults). From a socioecologic perspective, the literature regarding tobacco retail indicates that place characteristics such as neighborhood demography and policy context influence retailer location and marketing, and these factors impact individual tobacco use. However, this literature is in its infancy in regard to ENDS and particularly to vape shops, which are stores exclusively devoted to ENDS sales. Vape shops have proliferated in the US and are unique in their product offerings, marketing, and overall retail environment (e.g., tasting bars). Vape shops, as well as the 2nd and 3rd generation ENDS they sell, have particular appeal to young adults. A particularly important and timely macro-level factor that may impact ENDS use and distribution channels is the impending FDA Deeming Regulation on ENDS and other tobacco products. The Deeming Regulation involves a range of policies implemented in the next 3 years (e.g., mandatory age verification and prohibiting free samples beginning in Aug 2016, mandatory health warning labels effective Aug 2018, manufacturers required to submit a new tobacco product application by Aug 2018, etc.). These regulations are likely to impact vape shop survival as well as their marketing and the overall vape shop experience, given young adults are the biggest segment of vape shop clientele (who will require ID), the social experience of tasting bars (which will no longer be allowed), and the history of ENDS being promoted as safe and for cessation or harm reduction (with products and ads requiring health warnings). A well-integrated program of research is needed to examine the multilevel impact of regulation on ENDS retailers, as well as on ENDS marketing, specifically among vape shops, given that they are a unique retail settings that have a particular impact on young adult ENDS use. Leveraging a Socioecological Framework, we will draw data from 6 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) representing the CDC-defined regions and the gradient of tobacco control in order to address 3 inter-related aims: 1) examine density and survival of vape shops over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); 2) examine vape shop marketing and POS practices (e.g., age verification, free sampling, health warnings) over time and across contexts in relation to FDA regulation, local policies, and other sociocontextual factors (e.g., neighborhood context, density/proximity of convenience stores); and 3) examine young adult ENDS use over time and across contexts in relation to spatial access to vape shops and convenience stores, ENDS advertising exposure, local policies, and sociocontextual factors. This research will document the impact of regulation on this industry and provide an evidence base for legislation regarding zoning and vape shop marketing/POS practices to protect high-risk populations. We will disseminate findings with an explicit focus on informing public health policy and practice regarding ENDS, as well as future research.

项目概要/摘要 电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）已在美国市场出现，其使用和认知度迅速提高 近年来，特别是在年轻人中，虽然电子尼古丁传送系统可能有助于减少吸烟者的危害，但电子尼古丁传送系统代表了吸烟者的危害。 从社会生态学的角度来看，存在重大健康风险，包括未接触过尼古丁的人（例如年轻人）的成瘾。 有关烟草零售的文献表明，社区人口统计和政策等地方特征 环境影响零售商的选址和营销，而这些因素影响个人烟草使用。 关于 ENDS，特别是电子烟商店，这些商店是专门销售 ENDS 的商店，目前还处于起步阶段。 电子烟商店在美国激增，在产品供应、营销和整体零售方面都独一无二 环境（例如，Vape 商店）以及他们销售的第二代和第三代 ENDS 具有特别的吸引力。 对年轻人来说，这是一个特别重要且及时的宏观因素，可能会影响电子尼古丁传送系统的使用和分发。 渠道是 FDA 即将颁布的关于 ENDS 和其他烟草产品的认定法规。 涉及未来3年实施的一系列政策（例如强制年龄验证和禁止免费样品） 从 2016 年 8 月开始，强制性健康警示标签于 2018 年 8 月生效，制造商需要提交新的健康警示标签 2018 年 8 月之前烟草产品的应用等）。这些法规可能会影响电子烟商店的生存及其生存。 鉴于年轻人是电子烟商店客户的最大部分（他们 需要身份证）、品尝酒吧的社交体验（将不再允许）以及 ENDS 的历史 宣传为安全、戒烟或减少伤害（产品和广告要求健康警示）。 需要开展研究计划来审查监管对电子尼古丁传送系统零售商以及电子尼古丁传送系统的多层次影响 营销，特别是在电子烟商店中，因为它们是独特的零售环境，对 利用社会生态框架，我们将从 6 个大都市统计区域获取数据。 (MSA) 代表 CDC 定义的区域和烟草控制梯度，以实现 3 个相互关联的目标： 1) 根据 FDA 法规、当地政策，检查电子烟商店随时间推移和跨环境的密度和生存率， 和其他社会背景因素（例如，社区背景、便利店的密度/邻近程度）；2) 检查电子烟 随着时间的推移和跨环境的商店营销和 POS 实践（例如年龄验证、免费取样、健康警告） 与 FDA 法规、当地政策和其他社会背景因素（例如，社区背景、密度/邻近度）的关系 3) 检查青少年电子尼古丁传送系统随时间和跨环境的使用情况与空间获取的关系 电子烟商店和便利店、ENDS 广告曝光、当地政策和社会背景因素。 研究将记录监管对该行业的影响，并为相关立法提供证据基础 分区和电子烟商店营销/POS 做法，以保护高风险人群。我们将通过以下方式传播调查结果。 明确侧重于为有关 ENDS 的公共卫生政策和实践以及未来的研究提供信息。