GIS Mapping and Segregation Analyses of Full Population Data for 1940

1940 年完整人口数据的 GIS 制图和隔离分析

• 批准号: 9032357
• 负责人: John R Logan
• 金额: $ 33.38万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-17 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9032357
• 关键词: Address; Affect; American; Americas; Area; Asians; Assimilations; Baby Booms; Censuses; Central City; Characteristics; Cities; Communities; Country; County; Data; Data Set; Databases; Directories; Education; Elderly; Ethnic Origin; European; Family; Fertility; Generations; Health; Household; Immigrant; Individual; Latin American; Life; Link; Location; Longevity; Manuscripts; Maps; Marriage; Measures; Mental Depression; Methodology; Methods; Minnesota; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Motivation; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pattern; Persons; Policy Making; Population; Population Research; Process; Published Directory; Race; Records; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resolution; Resources; Rural; Series; Social Class; Social Environment; Societies; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Stratification; Street Address; Suburbanization; Surveys; Testing; Universities; Variant; base; behavioral outcome; metropolitan; migration; multilevel analysis; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; research study; segregation; social; suburb; theories; urban area; ward

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a study of residential patterns in urban America in 1940, taking advantage of newly available census data to pursue spatial questions at a level of detail and with methodologies that were not previously possible. It will organize the complete microdata file of 132 million Americans from the 1940 census into summary files at the level of the Enumeration District (ED), making it possible to study in detail the composition of small neighborhood areas across the country. These files will be made available at various geographic levels for the use of other researchers. For 69 major cities the EDs and census blocks will be mapped and households geocoded to ED segments of 1-3 blocks along a single street. For 6 metropolitan regions the individual records will be geocoded for both cities and suburbs, allowing more detailed analysis of residential patterns. These data will be used to study segregation patterns and processes that divided residents by race, ethnicity, and social class. 1) It will analyze variations across cities in the spatial assimilation of blacks (well intothe Great Migration from South to North) and immigrant groups in the first and second generation, plus segregation between families at different levels of SES. 2) It will examine the predictors of locational attainment to assess how race, ethnicity, class, and other characteristics affect the kinds of neighborhoods people live in, introducing characteristics of cities as contextual predictors of residential outcomes. 3) The geocoded address information will be exploited to study how individual residents are aggregated into neighborhoods in more detail, experimenting with a range of new methods to identify neighborhoods inductively based on their race/ethnicity and social class composition. 4) Geocoded data will also be used to draw overlapping, egocentric neighborhood areas around households at various spatial scales to define segregation patterns more flexibly. Discrete choice models will be applied to test hypotheses about the relative importance of race/ethnicity, class, and other attributes in constituting socialy distinct neighborhoods. These interrelated analyses will provide an important new point of reference for research on the incorporation of minority groups and immigrants in U.S. society today, as well as for the boundaries created by class segregation. The new spatial database will make a permanent and substantial addition to the nation's statistical infrastructure for health and population research, education, and policy making. It will allow study of neighborhood conditions for immigrants, minorities, and the urban poor at a critical historical moment and enable new kinds of spatial analysis. Linked to later demographic records and surveys it will allow study of neighborhood effects on life outcomes such as health, marriage and fertility, and longevity for the pre-baby boom generation of persons born before 1940.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是对1940年美国城市城市的住宅模式的研究，利用新近可用的人口普查数据来以细节和以前不可能的方法进行空间问题。它将组织从1940年人口普查中的1.32亿美国人组成的完整档案，以列举区（ED）级别的摘要档案，从而详细研究全国各地小社区地区的组成。这些文件将在各种地理水平上提供其他研究人员的使用。对于69个主要城市，EDS和人口普查街区将被绘制，并将家庭地理编码为沿一条街道的1-3个街区的ED段。对于6个大都市区域，各个城市和郊区都将对各个记录进行地理编码，从而可以对住宅模式进行更详细的分析。这些数据将用于研究将居民划分为种族，种族和社会阶层的隔离模式和过程。 1）它将分析黑人空间同化（从南部到北部的大量迁移）和第二代移民群体的空间同化的变化，再加上不同水平的家庭之间的隔离。 2）它将检查位置成就的预测因素，以评估种族，种族，阶级和其他特征如何影响人们所居住的社区种类，并引入城市特征作为住宅结果的上下文预测指标。 3）地理编码的地址信息将被利用，以研究如何将个别居民更详细地汇总到社区中，从而根据种族/民族和社会阶层组成，尝试一系列新方法来识别社区。 4）地理编码的数据还将用于在各种空间尺度的家庭周围绘制重叠的以自我为中心的邻里区域，以更灵活地定义隔离模式。离散选择模型将用于测试有关种族/种族，阶级和其他属性在构成社会不同社区的相对重要性的假设。这些相互关联的分析将为研究当今美国社会的少数群体和移民以及阶级种族隔离所创造的界限提供一个重要的新参考。新的空间数据库将对国家健康统计基础设施和 人口研究，教育和政策制定。这将允许研究移民，少数民族和城市贫困人口的邻里状况，并实现新型的空间分析。与后来的人口记录和调查有关，它将允许研究邻里对健康，婚姻和生育能力等生活结果的影响，以及在1940年以前出生的人的前进繁荣生成的寿命。