GIS Mapping and Segregation Analyses of Full Population Data for 1940

1940 年完整人口数据的 GIS 制图和隔离分析

基本信息

批准号：
9032357
负责人：
John R Logan
金额：
$ 33.38万
依托单位：
BROWN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-04-17 至 2019-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9032357
关键词：
Address Affect American Americas Area Asians Assimilations Baby Booms Censuses Central City Characteristics Cities Communities Country County Data Data Set Databases Directories Education Elderly Ethnic Origin European Family Fertility Generations Health Household Immigrant Individual Latin American Life Link Location Longevity Manuscripts Maps Marriage Measures Mental Depression Methodology Methods Minnesota Minority Minority Groups Modeling Motivation Neighborhoods Outcome Pattern Persons Policy Making Population Population Research Process Published Directory Race Records Research Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Resolution Resources Rural Series Social Class Social Environment Societies Socioeconomic Status Source Stratification Street Address Suburbanization Surveys Testing Universities Variant base behavioral outcome metropolitan migration multilevel analysis public health relevance racial and ethnic research study segregation social suburb theories urban area ward

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a study of residential patterns in urban America in 1940, taking advantage of newly available census data to pursue spatial questions at a level of detail and with methodologies that were not previously possible. It will organize the complete microdata file of 132 million Americans from the 1940 census into summary files at the level of the Enumeration District (ED), making it possible to study in detail the composition of small neighborhood areas across the country. These files will be made available at various geographic levels for the use of other researchers. For 69 major cities the EDs and census blocks will be mapped and households geocoded to ED segments of 1-3 blocks along a single street. For 6 metropolitan regions the individual records will be geocoded for both cities and suburbs, allowing more detailed analysis of residential patterns. These data will be used to study segregation patterns and processes that divided residents by race, ethnicity, and social class. 1) It will analyze variations across cities in the spatial assimilation of blacks (well intothe Great Migration from South to North) and immigrant groups in the first and second generation, plus segregation between families at different levels of SES. 2) It will examine the predictors of locational attainment to assess how race, ethnicity, class, and other characteristics affect the kinds of neighborhoods people live in, introducing characteristics of cities as contextual predictors of residential outcomes. 3) The geocoded address information will be exploited to study how individual residents are aggregated into neighborhoods in more detail, experimenting with a range of new methods to identify neighborhoods inductively based on their race/ethnicity and social class composition. 4) Geocoded data will also be used to draw overlapping, egocentric neighborhood areas around households at various spatial scales to define segregation patterns more flexibly. Discrete choice models will be applied to test hypotheses about the relative importance of race/ethnicity, class, and other attributes in constituting socialy distinct neighborhoods. These interrelated analyses will provide an important new point of reference for research on the incorporation of minority groups and immigrants in U.S. society today, as well as for the boundaries created by class segregation. The new spatial database will make a permanent and substantial addition to the nation's statistical infrastructure for health and population research, education, and policy making. It will allow study of neighborhood conditions for immigrants, minorities, and the urban poor at a critical historical moment and enable new kinds of spatial analysis. Linked to later demographic records and surveys it will allow study of neighborhood effects on life outcomes such as health, marriage and fertility, and longevity for the pre-baby boom generation of persons born before 1940.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一项对 1940 年美国城市居住模式的研究，利用新获得的人口普查数据，采用以前不可能的方法，在细节层面上探讨空间问题。它将把 1940 年人口普查中 1.32 亿美国人的完整微观数据文件组织成普查区 (ED) 级别的摘要文件，从而可以详细研究全国小型社区区域的构成。这些文件将在不同地理级别提供，供其他研究人员使用。对于 69 个主要城市，将绘制 ED 和人口普查街区的地图，并将家庭地理编码到单条街道上 1-3 个街区的 ED 段。对于 6 个大都市区，将对城市和郊区的单独记录进行地理编码，以便对居住模式进行更详细的分析。这些数据将用于研究按种族、民族和社会阶层划分居民的隔离模式和过程。 1) 它将分析不同城市中黑人（进入从南到北的大迁徙）和第一代和第二代移民群体的空间同化的差异，以及不同社会经济地位水平的家庭之间的隔离。 2）它将检查位置获得的预测因素，以评估种族、民族、阶级和其他特征如何影响人们居住的社区类型，引入城市特征作为居住结果的背景预测因素。 3）地理编码的地址信息将被用来更详细地研究个体居民如何聚合成社区，试验一系列新方法，根据种族/民族和社会阶层构成归纳识别社区。 4) 地理编码数据还将用于在不同空间尺度上绘制家庭周围重叠的、以自我为中心的邻里区域，以更灵活地定义隔离模式。离散选择模型将用于检验关于种族/族裔、阶级和其他属性在构成社会独特社区中的相对重要性的假设。这些相互关联的分析将为研究当今美国社会中少数群体和移民的融入以及阶级隔离所造成的界限提供重要的新参考点。新的空间数据库将对国家卫生和人口统计基础设施进行永久性的实质性补充。人口研究、教育和政策制定。它将允许在关键的历史时刻研究移民、少数民族和城市贫民的社区状况，并实现新型空间分析。与后来的人口记录和调查相结合，它将可以研究邻里对生活结果的影响，例如健康、婚姻和生育能力，以及婴儿潮前一代 1940 年之前出生的人的寿命。