Oscillatory Contributions to Working Memory and Attention

振荡对工作记忆和注意力的贡献

• 批准号: 9180723
• 负责人: BRADLEY R POSTLE
• 金额: $ 50.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-14 至 2018-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9180723
• 关键词: Address; Attention; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding; Brain; Classification; Clinical; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Contralateral; Coupling; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Electroencephalogram; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Event-Related Potentials; Fragile X Syndrome; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Human; Individual Differences; Information Storage; Laboratories; Lead; Measures; Memory; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Neurologic; Neurons; Neurosciences; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Phase; Play; Process; Psyche structure; Psychiatric therapeutic procedure; Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical model; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Traumatic Brain Injury; Visual; Work; base; cognitive ability; cognitive load; cognitive task; design; electrical potential; experimental study; falls; frontal eye fields; improved; indexing; long term memory; motor control; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Working memory refers to the active mental retention of information, to its manipulation, and to its use in guiding behavior. Its role in many types of high level cognition, as a factor underlying individual differences across a broad spectrum of experimental and "real world" measures, and as a factor in many psychiatric and neurological diseases, makes it important to many branches of cognitive and clinical neuroscience. The focus of this proposal is to elucidate the contributions of neural oscillations to working memory and to the related cognitive construct of attention. Oscillations are ubiquitous in the brain, but their role in supporting many types of cognition and behavior remains poorly understood and, in some cases, controversial. The methodological approach is to measure neural oscillations during cognitive task performance with the electroencephalogram (EEG), in some cases while simultaneously applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and in some cases applying multivariate pattern classification analysis (MVPA) to the data. rTMS can extend what can be learned with EEG alone in many ways: It can bias endogenous, delay-period oscillations to demonstrate their causal influence on behavior; it can "unmask" functionally relevant components of the EEG that are not evident in EEG-only data; and it can provide direct indices of effective connectivity. MVPA is an important tool for this research, because it can assess whether a signal is representing the information that is being held in working memory (something that cannot be inferred by more tradition techniques that rely on interpretation of signal intensity levels). Two specific aims are addressed in this proposal. The first is to test th hypothesis that delay-period oscillatory activity carries stimulus-specific information. Two foci o this aim will be the neural mechanism for storing information that is in working memory, but outside the focus of attention, and addressing whether an event-related potential associated with working memory, contralateral delay activity (CDA), reflects information storage per se, or a more general state that is sensitive to cognitive load. The second specific aim is to test the hypothesis that working memory and attentional tasks are supported by common oscillatory patterns, and that the functions of these patterns vary with context. These studies will contribute to theoretical models of working memory, as well as to a better understanding of the mechanistic role of neuronal oscillations in working memory and attention. In addition to the basic science questions outlined here, there is translational relevance for this work for the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders that are associated with abnormal neural oscillations.

描述（由申请人提供）：工作记忆是指信息的主动性保留，其操纵以及其在指导行为中的使用。它在许多类型的高水平认知中的作用，是广泛的实验和“现实世界”措施中个体差异的基本因素，作为许多精神病和神经疾病的一个因素，使其对认知和临床神经科学的许多分支很重要。该提案的重点是阐明神经振荡对工作记忆以及关注的相关认知构建的贡献。振荡在大脑中无处不在，但是它们在支持多种类型的认知和行为方面的作用仍然很糟糕，在某些情况下也引起了争议。方法论方法是在某些情况下同时应用重复的经颅磁刺激（RTMS），以及在某些情况下应用多变量模式分类分析（MVPA），在某些情况下，在认知任务表现过程中测量神经振荡，同时衡量神经振荡。 RTM可以以多种方式单独扩展可以通过脑电图学到的知识：它可能会偏向内源性，延迟周期振荡，以证明其因果关系对行为的影响；它可以“揭露”脑电图中与仅EEG数据中显而易见的功能相关组件；它可以提供有效连通性的直接索引。 MVPA是这项研究的重要工具，因为它可以评估信号是否代表工作记忆中的信息（无法通过依赖于信号强度水平解释的更多传统技术推断出的信息）。在本提案中解决了两个具体目标。首先是检验延迟周期振荡活性带有刺激特异性信息的假设。这个目标将是两个焦点是存储工作记忆中的信息的神经机制，但不在注意力的重点之外，并解决与工作记忆，对比延迟活动（CDA）相关的事件相关的潜力，反映了信息存储本身或对认知负载敏感的更一般状态。第二个具体目的是检验以下假设：工作记忆和注意任务由常见的振荡模式支持，并且这些模式的功能随上下文而变化。这些研究将有助于 对于工作记忆的理论模型，以及更好地理解神经振荡在工作记忆和注意力中的机理作用。除了此处概述的基本科学问题外，这项工作还具有转化相关性，用于诊断和治疗与异常神经振荡有关的精神疾病。