Organization of the parietal-frontal network that mediates grasping in monkeys

调节猴子抓握的顶叶网络的组织

• 批准号: 9253461
• 负责人: Omar El Gharbawie
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-15 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9253461
• 关键词: Amputation; Anatomy; Anterior; Area; Brain; Brain Injuries; Critical Pathways; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology (science); Fingers; Foundations; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Human; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Lifting; Link; Location; Manuals; Maps; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Microelectrodes; Mission; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Neurons; Outcome; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Patients; Phase; Posture; Primates; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Role; Sensory; Spinal Cord; Structure; Surface; Testing; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; brain machine interface; career development; central nervous system injury; clinically relevant; design; disability; disability burden; early onset; grasp; hand grasp; improved; innovation; mind control; nervous system disorder; neurotransmission; novel; object shape; optical imaging; response; synergism; therapy design; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a fundamental knowledge gap about how the human brain controls one of the most fundamental hand actions, grasping. Developing solutions for the manual impairments that ensue from brain injuries and neurological diseases hinges on closing this knowledge gap. The long-term goal is to determine how cortical and subcortical structures in the brain integrate sensory information into accurate hand actions. The objective of this proposal, which is a stepping-stone towards the long-term goal, is to determine the functional organizations of the parietal-frontal pathways that mediate grasping in monkeys. The central hypothesis is that three parietal-frontal pathways control successive stages of grasping (approach, contact, lift). Each pathway node is further organized into modules that are specific to grip posture (precision and whole hand). This hypothesis has been formulated primarily from studies conducted during the applicant's postdoctoral work. The rationale for the proposed research is that it will close a pressing knowledge gap about how a parietal-frontal networks controls one of the most sophisticated and clinically relevant motor functions. Two specific aims will be pursued to test this hypothesis: (1) Determine how the parietal-frontal pathways control successive stages of grasping; and (2) Determine how modules within nodes of the parietal-frontal pathways encode grip posture. Under the first aim (K-99 phase), optical imaging will be used to identify the parietal and frontal nodes on the cortical surface that are activated during grasping. Electrophysiological recordings in each node identified with optical imaging will be used to determine the relationships between spike train modulations and grasping stages. Under the second aim (R-00 phase), optical imaging and electrophysiological recordings from modules of the same network nodes will show the spatial organizations of clusters of neurons tuned to specific grip postures. Electrical stimulation of the same modules during grasping will be used to temporarily manipulate its mechanisms and further test the contributions of individual modules to grasping. The functional connections of individual modules will be tested with concurrent electrical stimulation and optical imaging, which has already been proven feasible in the applicant's hands. The chief innovation of this proposal is the use of a multi- pronged approach that centers on optical imaging in behaving monkeys to determine how the parietal-frontal network controls grasping. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to vertically expand the understanding of how the parietal-frontal network in the primate brain controls grasping. Ultimately, such knowledge has the potential to advance the design of brain-machine interfaces that rely on recording neuronal signals from the brain to aid hand use for patients who have lost the ability to use their hands due to central nervous system injury or amputation.

描述（由申请人提供）：关于人脑如何控制最基本的手动动作之一，掌握的基本知识差距。为脑损伤和神经系统疾病所带来的手动障碍的解决方案开发了缩小这一知识差距的取决于。长期目标是确定大脑中的皮质和皮层结构如何将感觉信息整合到准确的手动作用中。该提案的目的是朝着长期目标的垫脚石，是确定介导在猴子中抓住的顶叶途径的功能组织。中心假设是三个顶额叶途径控制着抓握的连续阶段（方法，接触，举重）。每个途径节点都被进一步组织为特定于握持姿势的模块（精度和全手）。该假设主要来自申请人博士后工作期间进行的研究。拟议的研究的基本原理是，它将缩小关于顶叶网络如何控制最复杂和临床相关的运动功能之一的紧迫知识差距。将追求两个具体的目的来检验这一假设：（1）确定顶叶途径如何控制握把的连续阶段； （2）确定顶叶途径的节点内的模块编码握把姿势。在第一个目标（K-99阶段）下，光学成像将用于识别在抓握期间被激活的皮质表面上的顶点和额叶节点。用光学成像识别的每个节点中的电生理记录将用于确定尖峰火车调制和抓地力阶段之间的关系。在第二个目标（R-00阶段）下，来自同一网络节点模块的光学成像和电生理记录将显示神经元簇的空间组织，这些神经元群体调整了特定的握力姿势。抓握过程中相同模块的电刺激将用于暂时操纵其机制，并进一步测试单个模块对抓握的贡献。单个模块的功能连接将通过并发电刺激和光学成像进行测试，这已经证明在申请人的手中可行。该提案的主要创新是使用一种多头方法，该方法以光学成像为中心，以表现猴子来确定顶叶网络如何控制抓地力。拟议的研究之所以重要，是因为预计它将垂直扩展对灵长类动物大脑中的顶叶网络如何控制抓地力的理解。最终，此类知识有可能提高脑耳界界面的设计，这些脑机界面依靠记录大脑的神经元信号来帮助手工使用，因为中枢神经系统损伤或截肢因中枢神经系统损伤而失去了手的能力。