Functional and structural organization of motor areas in non-human primates

非人类灵长类动物运动区的功能和结构组织

• 批准号: 10405856
• 负责人: Omar El Gharbawie
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10405856
• 关键词: Animals; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Biological Assay; Brain; Communication; Data; Digit structure; Dimensions; Elbow; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Ensure; Fire - disasters; Forelimb; Hand; Image; Interruption; Joints; Knowledge; Lateral; Learning; Light; Link; Location; Macaca; Manuals; Maps; Measures; Medial; Mission; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor output; Movement; Muscle; Patients; Pattern; Penetration; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Precentral gyrus; Primates; Process; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Response to stimulus physiology; Role; Self-Help Devices; Services; Shapes; Shoulder; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Spinal Cord; Sterile coverings; Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Task Performances; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Wrist; arm; awake; disability burden; drinking; feeding; finesse; grasp; improved; insight; microstimulation; millimeter; neural patterning; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; novel; optical imaging; organizational structure; relating to nervous system; response; skills; spatiotemporal; temporal measurement

Coordinated arm/hand movements are central to primate behavior (e.g. feeding, drinking). Dense projections from primary motor cortex (M1) to spinal cord circuits confer on M1 a critical role in controlling the arm and the hand. M1 zones that control the arm mostly non-overlapping with M1 zones that control the hand. Coordinated arm/hand actions must therefore involve coordinated activity between M1 zones, but the underlying mechanisms are as yet unknown. Our central hypothesis is that neural activity in M1 follows a trajectory that is governed by the spatial organization of the arm and hand representations in M1 and by the local M1 connections. We propose to investigate the spatio-temporal organization of M1 activity during reaching and grasping in macaque monkeys. We also propose to determine the organization of the local connections that support communication within M1. Our rationale for pursuing this proposal is that revealing the functional organization and connectivity of M1 will shed light on how information is processed within M1 in the service of arm/hand control. We have refined an investigative strategy that centers on optical imaging; where signal modulations report on neural activity. Using optical imaging to investigate cortical control of movement in primates is novel. The central advantage of optical imaging for this proposal is the capacity for investigating many millimeters of M1 without spatial interruptions, which is needed for determining how spatial patterns of neural activity evolve across M1 during behavior. In Aim 1, we will determine the spatial and temporal organization of M1 neural activity that support reaching and grasping. To that end, we will optically image M1 and record neurophysiological signals throughout M1 as an animal performs a reach-to-grasp task. Target locations and object dimensions will be systematically varied to motivate a range of reach directions and grip postures. In the same M1 territory, we will map the organization of the corticospinal projections by stimulating discrete points in M1 and determining which arm/hand muscles were activated. By co-registering results from imaging, electrophysiology, and motor mapping, we will learn how spatial patterns of M1 activity evolve across the motor map over the course of arm/hand actions. In Aim 2, we will determine the organization of the connections that support communication within M1. Optical imaging presents a critical advantage here because it would open the possibility of determining the organization of cortical connections for hundreds of sites in M1. In this paradigm, the spatial patterns of cortical activation that results from electrical stimulation of a site, would reflect the connectivity patterns of that site. Next, we test neural interactions between connected zones by electrically stimulating one zone and recording neural activity in the connected zone. By registering the connectivity maps and neural interaction results to the motor map, we expect to shed light on the organization of neural communication within the M1 motor map. The two Aims will collectively close knowledge gaps in our understanding of the organizational principles that confer on M1 the capacity to control movements.

协调的手臂/手移动是灵长类动物行为的核心（例如喂食，饮酒）。密集的预测 从一级运动皮层（M1）到脊髓电路授予M1，在控制手臂和 手。 M1区域控制手臂主要是用控制手的M1区域的非重叠区域。协调 因此，手臂/手部动作必须涉及M1区域之间的协调活动，但基本机制 尚不清楚。我们的中心假设是M1中的神经活动遵循的轨迹 M1和本地M1连接中手臂和手动表示的空间组织。我们建议 调查在猕猴触及和抓住M1活动的时空组织。 我们还建议确定支持M1中交流的本地连接的组织。 我们追求这项建议的理由是，揭示M1的功能组织和连通性 阐明了在M1中如何处理ARM/手部控制的信息。我们已经完善了 以光学成像为中心的调查策略；信号调制报告有关神经活动的地方。使用 研究灵长类动物运动的皮质控制的光学成像是新颖的。光学的核心优势 该建议的成像是研究M1的许多毫米而没有空间中断的能力， 确定行为过程中M1的神经活动的空间模式是如何发展的。目标 1，我们将确定支持到达的M1神经活动的空间和时间组织 抓握。为此，我们将光学地对M1进行映像，并记录M1的神经生理信号 动物执行触手可及的任务。目标位置和对象尺寸将系统化为 激励一系列触及方向和抓地力姿势。在同一M1领域，我们将绘制 通过刺激M1中的离散点并确定哪些手臂/手部肌肉是通过刺激性脊髓预测 活性。通过从成像，电生理学和电动机映射的共同注册结果，我们将学习如何 M1活性的空间模式在整个电机图中都在手臂/手动动作过程中演变。在AIM 2中，我们 将确定支持M1中支持通信的连接的组织。光学成像 在这里呈现一个关键优势，因为它将开放确定皮质组织的可能性 M1中数百个站点的连接。在此范式中，导致的皮质激活的空间模式 从站点的电刺激中，将反映该站点的连通性模式。接下来，我们测试神经 通过电刺激一个区域并记录神经活动的连接区域之间的相互作用 连接区。通过将连接图和神经相互作用结果记录到电机图，我们期望 阐明M1电动机图内神经通信的组织。这两个目标将集体 在我们对M1赋予能力的组织原则的理解中，我们了解了差距 控制运动。