Neural mechanisms of auditory temporal pattern perception

听觉时间模式感知的神经机制

• 批准号: 9527903
• 负责人: TIMOTHY Q GENTNER
• 金额: $ 36.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9527903
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory area; Auditory system; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Birds; Categories; Code; Cognitive; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Comprehension; Computational Technique; Cues; Data; Devices; Diagnosis; Disease; Dyslexia; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Environment; Failure; Foundations; Goals; Heart; Human; Individual; Infant; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Link; Longevity; Machine Learning; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurosciences; Nuclear; Parietal; Pattern; Perception; Physiological; Plant Roots; Population; Population Dynamics; Process; Property; Quality of life; Research; Role; Services; Signal Transduction; Songbirds; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Structure; Sturnus vulgaris; Superior temporal gyrus; System; Systems Development; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Transition Elements; Work; auditory processing; bird song; cognitive process; experimental study; hearing impairment; improved; language processing; microstimulation; model development; neural circuit; neural patterning; neurobiological mechanism; neuromechanism; pattern perception; relating to nervous system; response; signal processing; sound; spatiotemporal; specific language impairment; speech processing; speech recognition; statistics; success

Project Summary/Abstract: Processing acoustic communication signals is among the most difficult, yet vital capabilities that the auditory system must achieve. These abilities lie at the heart of language and speech processing, and their success or failure can have profound impacts on quality of life across the lifespan. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that support these basic abilities holds promise for advancing assistive listening devices, as well as improving diagnoses and treatments for learning disabilities and communication disorders such as auditory processing disorder, dyslexia, and specific language impairment. While much has been learned about the loci of language-related processing using non-invasive neuroscience techniques in humans, these techniques cannot answer how individual neurons and neural circuits implement language-relevant computations. As a result, the explicit cellular circuit-level and neuro-computational mechanisms that support acoustic communication signal processing are poorly understood. Multiple lines of research suggest that songbirds can provide an excellent model for investigating shared auditory processing abilities relevant to language, in particular the processing of temporal patterns within communication signals. The experiments outlined in this proposal investigate the neural mechanisms of auditory temporal pattern processing. In humans, the transition statistics between adjacent speech sounds (phonemes) can aid or alter phoneme categorization, providing cues for language learners and listeners to disambiguate perceptually similar sounds. Sensitivity to transition statistics is not exclusive to speech signals however, but reflects general auditory processes shared by many animals. In Aim 1 we investigate the categorical perception of complex auditory objects in populations of cortical neurons in an animal model, and ask how these neural representations are effected by temporal context. In addition to which elements occur in a sequence, speech processing also requires knowing where those elements occur. Sensitivities to the statistical regularities of speech sequences are established long before infants learn to speak, and continue to affect both recognition and comprehension throughout adulthood. Studies in Aim 2 focus on how sequence-specific information is encoded by single neurons and neural populations in auditory cortex. In Aim 3, we propose a basic circuit in which population level representations of auditory objects could be differentially modulated by patterning rules, and test this proposed pattern processing circuit using direct, casual manipulations. The proposed approach permits progress in the near term towards establishing the basic neurobiological substrates of foundational language-relevant abilities and a general framework within which more complex, uniquely human processes, can be proposed and eventually tested.

项目摘要/摘要： 处理声音信号是听觉上最困难，但至关重要的功能之一 系统必须实现。这些能力在于语言和语音处理的核心及其成功或 失败会对整个生命周期的生活质量产生深远的影响。了解神经生物学 支持这些基本能力的机制也有望推进辅助聆听设备 由于改善了学习障碍和沟通障碍（例如听觉）的诊断和治疗方法 处理障碍，阅读障碍和特定语言障碍。虽然对基因座有很多了解 这些技术在人类中使用非侵入性神经科学技术的处理，这些技术 无法回答单个神经元和神经回路如何实施与语言相关的计算。作为 结果，支持声学的显式细胞电路级和神经计算机制 通信信号处理知之甚少。多个研究线表明鸣禽可以 提供了一个出色的模型，用于调查与语言相关的共享听觉处理能力， 尤其是在通信信号中处理时间模式的处理。在此概述的实验 建议研究听觉时间模式处理的神经机制。在人类中，过渡 相邻语音（音素）之间的统计数据可以帮助或改变音素分类，提供 语言学习者和听众的提示，可以消除感知相似的声音。对过渡的敏感性 但是，统计数据并不是语音信号独有的，而是反映了许多人共享的一般听觉过程 动物。在AIM 1中，我们研究了对复杂听觉对象的分类感知 动物模型中的皮质神经元，并询问这些神经表示如何受到时间的影响 语境。除了按顺序出现的元素外，语音处理还需要知道 这些元素发生。长期建立了对语音序列统计规律的敏感性 在婴儿学会说话之前，并继续影响整个过程中的认可和理解 成年。 AIM 2的研究集中于单个神经元如何编码序列特定信息和 听觉皮层中的神经种群。在AIM 3中，我们提出了一个人口水平的基本电路 听觉对象的表示可以通过模式规则进行差异调制，并测试此提出的 模式处理电路使用直接的随意操纵。提出的方法允许在 近期建立基础语言与基础语言能力的基本神经生物学基材 以及一个一般框架，可以提出更复杂，更独特的人类过程和 最终进行了测试。