Reduction in CVD risk in children by physical activity

通过体力活动降低儿童心血管疾病风险

• 批准号: 7626363
• 负责人: ROBERT C HICKNER
• 金额: $ 29.55万
• 依托单位: EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7626363
• 关键词: 5' -AMP-activated protein kinase; Abdomen; Acetylcholine; Acute; Address; Adipocytes; Adipose tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Aerobic; African American; Age; American; Arts; Blood; Blood Glucose; Blood flow; Body mass index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Child; Childhood; Chronic; County; Data; Development; Down-Regulation; Enzymes; Exercise; Exhibits; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Future; Gene Expression; Glucose; Glycerol; Health; High Prevalence; Homeostasis; Hour; Human; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinism; Incidence; Individual; Inflammatory; Infusion Pumps; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Investigation; Laboratory Study; Life; Link; Lipids; Lipolysis; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; Methodology; Methods; Microdialysis; Modeling; Monitor; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nerve; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Norepinephrine; North Carolina; Obesity; Overweight; Physical activity; Plasma; Protein Isoforms; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Rodent; Role; Solutions; System; Testing; Time; Tissues; Training; Weight Gain; Youth; aged; base; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular risk factor; caucasian American; cytokine; feeding; group intervention; improved; in vivo; indexing; inhibitor/antagonist; insulin sensitivity; insulin sensitizing drugs; interstitial; macrophage; middle childhood; novel; obesity in children; obesity risk; omega-N-Methylarginine; prevent; programs; response; sedentary; sex; sterol esterase; subcutaneous

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Childhood overweight is a strong predictor of adult obesity. Abnormalities in glucose and lipid homeostasis are associated with body weight gain and many o f the alterations found in the Metabolic Syndrome. Obese sedentary adults, in particular obese African Americans, are more prone to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, lower rates of post- absorptive adipose tissue lipolysis per unit fat mass, poor post- prandial suppression of lipolysis and reduced blood flow. We propose to implement the novel use of microdialysis to assess interstitial glucose and glycerol concentrations as indices of blood glucose and adipose tissue lipolysis, respectively, and adipose tissue blood flow in lean and obese prepubescent children continuously over 24 hours. The hypothesis is that overweight children exhibit higher interstitial glucose concentrations throughout the day, reduced rates of basal lipolysis and poor postprandial suppression of lipolysis compared to lean children, and that these abnormalities will be associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Furthermore, 16- weeks of physical activity will normalize, or bring closer to lean, the glucose and lipolytic profiles of overweight children and will result in an improved cardiovascular disease risk profile. We will investigate lean and overweight African American and Caucasian children (8- 10 yr; n=80) before and after 16 weeks of increased physical activity. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis and glucose profiles will by monitored using microdialysis under resting fasting and fed conditions as well as in response to exercise. Microdialysis probes will be perfused with either a control solution, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L- NMMA), or an activator of nitric oxide synthase (acetylcholine) to investigate the mechanism of the proposed reduction of basal lipolysis in obese and African American children. These investigations will determine if acute and chronic aerobic physical activity improves the lipolytic and glucose profiles in lean and overweight children, and whether these beneficial changes will be accompanied by improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The long- term objectives are: 1) to identify the relevant in- vivo metabolic and circulatory parameters that are deficient in overweight children and adults that place them at risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease; and 2) to find practical means of reversing metabolic and circulatory insufficiencies in obese individuals, thereby reducing the incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：童年超重是成人肥胖症的有力预测指标。葡萄糖和脂质稳态异常与体重增加以及代谢综合征中发现的许多变化有关。肥胖的久坐的成年人，尤其是肥胖的非洲裔美国人，更容易患高血糖，高胰岛素血症，每单位脂肪质量降低后吸收性脂肪组织脂肪的速率较低，脂解的巧妙抑制后脂解和血液流动降低。我们建议在24小时内连续24小时连续24小时连续地，在瘦肉和肥胖的青春期前儿童中，分别实施了微透析的新颖使用来评估间隙葡萄糖和甘油浓度，并分别作为血糖和脂肪组织脂肪分析的指标以及脂肪组织血液的流动。假设是，与瘦儿童相比，超重儿童全天表现出更高的间质葡萄糖浓度，基础脂解的率降低，餐后脂解抑制不良，并且这些异常将与更高的心血管疾病危险因素相关。此外，超重儿童的葡萄糖和脂肪解释谱将16周的体育锻炼正常化或更接近瘦肉，并将导致心血管疾病风险的改善。我们将在体育锻炼增加16周之前和之后研究精益和超重的非裔美国人和高加索儿童（8-10年； n = 80）。皮下腹部脂肪组织脂解和葡萄糖谱将通过在休息的禁食和喂养条件下使用微透析以及对运动的响应进行监测。微透析探针将用对照溶液，一氧化氮合酶（L-NMMA）的抑制剂或一氧化氮合酶（乙酰胆碱）的激活剂进行灌注，以研究肥胖和非洲裔美国儿童拟议减少基底脂解的拟议减少的机制。这些调查将确定急性和慢性有氧运动是否可以改善瘦和超重儿童的脂溶性和葡萄糖谱，以及这些有益的变化是否会伴随着心血管疾病危险因素的改善。长期目标是：1）确定相关的体内代谢和循环参数，这些参数缺乏超重儿童和成人，使他们面临代谢和心血管疾病的风险； 2）找到逆转肥胖个体代谢和循环不足的实用方法，从而降低了代谢和心血管疾病的发生率。