Cultural Scripts Influencing HIV Prevention Among African American Women

影响非洲裔美国妇女艾滋病毒预防的文化脚本

基本信息

批准号：
8033715
负责人：
Sarah K. Calabrese
金额：
$ 3.03万
依托单位：
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-07-20 至 2011-07-19
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8033715
关键词：
21 year old AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV problem Abstinence Accounting Address Affect African African American Age Area Attention Attitude Authorization documentation Behavior Body Image Case Study Categories Cause of Death Censuses Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)Chlamydia Clinic Visits Colombia Communities Complex Contracts Data Development Device or Instrument Development Disease District of Columbia Drug usage Empirical Research Employee Strikes Epidemic Ethnic group Feedback Female Focus Groups Future Gonorrhea Government Guidelines HIV HIV Infections HIV Seropositivity Health Heterosexuals Hip region structure Homosexuals Humulus Imprisonment Individual Interview Life Light Literature Longitudinal Studies Measures Mediating Mediation Methodology Methods Modeling Names Nature Oral Paper Participant Patient Self-Report Perception Persons Phase Population Preventive Intervention Property Psychometrics Public Health Recording of previous events Recruitment Activity Reporting Research Research Personnel Risk Risk Factors Role Safety Sampling Sampling Studies Schedule Self Concept Self Efficacy Sex Behavior Sexual Development Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Diseases Societies Syphilis Target Populations Testing Underserved Population United States United States Dept. of Health and Human Services Universities Washington West Indies Woman age group combat condoms expectation high risk high risk behavior insight instrument intervention program member metropolitan public health relevance sex sex risk skills social statistics transmission process

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The African American female population is profoundly and disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted epidemics. Despite comprising less than 14% of the female population in 2005 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008) Black women represented approximately 64% of all U.S. women living with HIV/AIDS, the majority of whom contracted the HIV virus through heterosexual contact (CDC, 2008). In Washington, DC in particular, the disparity is even more striking: between 2001 and 2006, Black women accounted for 92% of all reported HIV cases among women (Government of the District of Colombia Department of Health, 2007). In light of these alarming statistics, an enhanced understanding of the impact of sociocultural factors specific to women of this ethnic group on their participation in unsafe sexual behavior is of utmost importance. Recent literature has emphasized the role of culturally transmitted guidelines and expectations about sexual behavior in perpetuating the epidemic among this population, suggesting that such specifications encourage unsafe sexual practices (Stephens & Phillips, 2003). However, the relationship of such expecations to African American women's perceived capacity to assert themselves in enacting sexual safety (e.g., by enforcing condom use or refusing unwanted sex) is lacking empirical attention. The purpose of the proposed study is to address this gap in the literature by developing a measure of sexual expectations and examining the relationship of such expectations to sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy within a sample of HIV-positive and high-risk, HIV-negative African American women living in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Researchers at The George Washington University will collaborate with the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) to access the targeted population. A sample of approximately 191 African American women between the ages of 21 and 69, approximately three quarters of whom are HIV-positive, will be recruited from the existing WIHS sample. Participant interviews (n=8) and a focus group comprised of 8 women will inform instrument development, and quantitative measures will be administered to 175 women in paper-and-pencil, self-report format during regularly scheduled WIHS clinic visits. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed study is of public health importance in that it will clarify barriers to sexual safety among African American women, a vulnerable and underserved population at high risk for contracting and transmitting the HIV virus. Findings will be useful in informing the development of culturally appropriate intervention programs targeting this group, ultimately aiding the effort to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic within and beyond the African American community.

描述（由申请人提供）：非洲裔美国女性群体深受艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播流行病的影响。尽管 2005 年黑人妇女只占女性人口的不到 14%（美国人口普查局，2008 年），但黑人妇女约占所有感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的美国妇女的 64%，其中大多数是通过异性接触感染艾滋病毒的（疾病预防控制中心，2008 年））。特别是在华盛顿特区，这种差距更加惊人：2001 年至 2006 年间，黑人女性占所有报告的女性艾滋病毒病例的 92%（哥伦比亚特区卫生部，2007 年）。鉴于这些令人震惊的统计数据，加强了解该族裔群体妇女特有的社会文化因素对其参与不安全性行为的影响至关重要。最近的文献强调了文化传播的指导方针和对性行为的期望在使该人群中流行病长期存在的过程中所发挥的作用，表明此类规范鼓励了不安全的性行为（Stephens＆Phillips，2003）。然而，这种期望与非裔美国妇女在实施性安全（例如，通过强制使用安全套或拒绝不想要的性行为）时主张自己的能力之间的关系缺乏实证关注。拟议研究的目的是通过制定一种性期望测量方法，并在艾滋病毒阳性和高危人群样本中检查这种期望与性自我概念和性自我效能的关系，来解决文献中的这一空白。生活在华盛顿特区大都市区的艾滋病毒呈阴性的非裔美国妇女。乔治华盛顿大学的研究人员将与妇女机构间艾滋病毒研究 (WIHS) 合作来接触目标人群。将从现有的 WIHS 样本中招募约 191 名年龄在 21 岁至 69 岁之间的非裔美国女性样本，其中约四分之三为 HIV 阳性。参与者访谈 (n=8) 和由 8 名女性组成的焦点小组将为仪器开发提供信息，并且在定期安排的 WIHS 诊所就诊期间，将以纸笔、自我报告的形式对 175 名女性进行定量测量。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究具有公共卫生重要性，因为它将澄清非洲裔美国妇女的性安全障碍，这些妇女是感染和传播艾滋病病毒的高危人群，是弱势且服务不足的人群。研究结果将有助于为针对这一群体的文化上适当的干预计划的制定提供信息，最终有助于在非裔美国人社区内外抗击艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行。