COMPARATIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF EPISODIC MEMORY IN PRIMATES

灵长类动物情景记忆的比较神经心理学

• 批准号: 7958252
• 负责人: ROBERT L. HAMPTON
• 金额: $ 5.48万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7958252
• 关键词: Amnesia; Animals; Biological Factors; Brain Part; Canis familiaris; Cognitive; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computers; Destinations; Development; Episodic memory; Evolution; Felis catus; Funding; Grant; Home environment; Human; Image; Institution; Lead; Learning; Macaca mulatta; Memory; Mind; Monkeys; Neuropsychology; Primates; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Retrieval Recall; Shapes; Source; Techniques; Testing; Uncertainty; United States National Institutes of Health; comparative; experience; memory retrieval; normal aging; skills; touchscreen

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This study captures the distinction between two modes of memory retrieval. "Recall" is when you "bring to mind" things that are not currently present, such as when you remember all the turns you must take to get to your destination before setting out. By contrast "recognition" is when you can tell that something you currently experience is familiar, such as a given intersection where you must turn right, and is comparatively easier than recall. Many tests for nonhuman animals show that they can recognize something seen before as familiar, just as your dog or cat recognizes you when you come home. There is no doubt that animals have memory. But humans have different types of memory that depend on different parts of the brain, and we do not yet know whether monkeys or other animals share most of these different types of memory. Because nonhuman animals cannot speak it has been difficult to determine whether they can, like humans, recall something when it is no longer present. During the reporting period, we learned that rhesus monkeys can remember simple shapes and reproduce them later on a touch screen computer, an ability that may show that they can "bring to mind" images that are physically absent, a powerful skill in humans. The development of this new technique for studying memory in monkeys will lead to more accurate characterization our cognitive evolution over the 30 million years that separate humans from our shared ancestor with rhesus monkeys. Studies of memory in monkeys will also help us understand what biological factors are responsible for the erosion of recall abilities that occurs in human amnesia and normal aging.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 这项研究抓住了两种记忆检索模式之间的区别。 “回忆”是指当你“想起”当前不存在的事情时，例如当你记住出发前到达目的地必须经过的所有转弯时。相比之下，“认出”是指你可以分辨出你当前经历的某些事情是熟悉的，例如你必须右转的给定十字路口，并且比回忆相对容易。 对非人类动物的许多测试表明，它们可以认出以前见过的熟悉的东西，就像你回家时你的狗或猫认出你一样。毫无疑问，动物有记忆。但人类有不同类型的记忆，这些记忆取决于大脑的不同部分，而且我们还不知道猴子或其他动物是否共享大部分不同类型的记忆。由于非人类动物无法说话，因此很难确定它们是否能够像人类一样，回忆起不再存在的事物。 在报告期间，我们了解到恒河猴可以记住简单的形状，并随后在触摸屏计算机上重现它们，这种能力可能表明它们可以“想起”身体上不存在的图像，这是人类的一项强大技能。这项用于研究猴子记忆的新技术的发展将有助于更准确地描述我们在 3000 万年中的认知进化，正是这种进化将人类与恒河猴的共同祖先区分开来。对猴子记忆的研究也将帮助我们了解哪些生物因素导致了人类健忘症和正常衰老中记忆能力的丧失。