Behavioral Technologies for Predicting HIV Risk

预测艾滋病毒风险的行为技术

• 批准号: 8433758
• 负责人: Carl W Lejuez
• 金额: $ 6.96万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8433758
• 关键词: 12 year old; AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Affect; Affective; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alleles; Asians; Aversive Stimulus; Award; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cognitive; Coitus; Collaborations; Collection; Complex; Computers; Confusion; Data; Data Collection; Development; Distress; Drops; Empirical Research; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Equipment and supply inventories; Esthesia; Ethnic Origin; Family; Female; Funding; Future; General Population; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Markers; Genetic Polymorphism; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV prevention trial; Hispanics; Impulsivity; Incidence; Individual; Individual Differences; Infection; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Link; Measures; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Reinforcements; Neighborhoods; Newly Diagnosed; Pacific Island Americans; Parents; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Piper; Positive Reinforcements; Prevention program; Prize; Process; Progress Reports; Psychological reinforcement; Psychopathology; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Sampling; Secure; Sexual Partners; Site; Smoking; Stress; Technology; Testing; Time; Translational Research; Typology; Universities; Virus; Work; Youth; addiction; age group; aged; analog; base; behavior measurement; clinical application; cohort; community setting; demographics; design; disorder prevention; experience; follow-up; gene environment interaction; in vivo; instrument; intravenous drug use; noradrenergic; novel; parent grant; parental monitoring; peer influence; prevent; programs; prospective; public health relevance; risk perception; sex risk; skills; success; theories; transmission process; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Large-scale nomothetic prevention programs aimed at providing accurate, factual-based information regarding HIV risk have led to a greater awareness of HIV/AIDS risks; however, these programs have had relatively limited success in preventing or reducing engagement in HIV-related risk taking behaviors among adolescents. More recent individualized, skill-based prevention programs have led to a reduction in HIV-related risk taking behaviors as well as incidence of actual infection, but individualized programs can be costly and may be difficult integrate into community settings. Thus, recent work has aimed to identify and targeting adolescents most at risk for HIV infection, based on their unique vulnerabilities. Typically, researchers have relied exclusively on self-report instruments to determine vulnerability for engagement in HIV-relevant risk behaviors, but these approaches have several limitations, and their success in identifying at-risk adolescents has been limited. As an alternative approach, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task-Youth (BART; BART-Y) can be used to assess risk taking propensity in an objective and less transparent manner than self-report scales. This approach has shown strong cross-sectional relationships with risk behavior, but little has been done examining the utility of the approach for prospective identification of at-risk youth. Towards this end, R01 DA18647 was funded to provide the first longitudinal test of the BART. We were able to successfully recruit 277 youth (age 10-12) and their families into a baseline assessment; participants were on average 11.0 (SD = .81) years old, 43.7% female, 49.3% White, 35.5% Black, 2.9% Hispanic, 1.4% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 10.9% of mixed or other ethnicity. Follow-up rates have been excellent, with 89% of youth at Year 2, and only an additional drop of 2% to 87% of youth at Year 3 completing assessments. Throughout the project period, supplementary funds were secured to expand: 1) the sample with another 400 10-12 year olds, 2) the theoretical perspective to include behavioral measurement of negative reinforcement related risk taking, and 3) the breadth of the assessment to include targeted genetic markers as well as in-vivo assessment of environmental context to provide a novel assessment of gene x environmental vulnerability to risk taking. As outlined in the current application we have strong findings thus far and we propose another 5 year period of support to provide for the continuation of this work as the youth are progressing into a period where HIV risk behavior will begin to peak. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The problem of HIV infection in adolescence continues to grow despite large-scale public health efforts to reduce risk behaviors related to the acquisition and transmission of the virus. The current study will further develop and test behavioral measures of risk taking as prospective predictors of HIV-risk behavior, with a larger model considering the role of genetic variables and environment both at the level of self-report and novel in-vivo assessment. These findings may be useful for targeting individualized risk prevention programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：旨在提供有关艾滋病毒风险的准确，基于事实的信息的大规模非仪式预防计划，导致人们对艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险的认识更高；但是，这些计划在预防或减少与艾滋病毒相关的冒险行为的参与方面取得了相对有限的成功。最新的个性化的，基于技能的预防计划导致与HIV相关的风险采取行为以及实际感染的发生率的减少，但是个性化的计划可能是昂贵的，并且可能很难融入社区环境中。因此，最近的工作旨在根据其独特的脆弱性来识别和针对最有艾滋病毒感染风险的青少年。通常，研究人员仅依靠自我报告工具来确定与艾滋病毒相关的风险行为的脆弱性，但是这些方法有几个局限性，并且成功地识别高风险的青少年是有限的。作为另一种方法，与自我报告量表相比，可以使用气球模拟风险任务-Youth（Bart; Bart-Y）以客观而透明的方式评估风险倾向。这种方法显示出与风险行为的牢固的横断面关系，但是几乎没有完成对处于处于危险中的青年的前瞻性识别方法的实用性。为此，R01 DA18647资助了BART的首次纵向测试。我们能够成功地招募277名青年（10-12岁）及其家人进行基线评估；参与者的年龄平均为11.0（SD = .81），女性为43.7％，白色为49.3％，黑色35.5％，2.9％的西班牙裔，1.4％的亚洲/太平洋岛民，占混合或其他种族的10.9％。随访率非常好，在2年级的年轻人中有89％，在3年级完成评估时只有2％至87％的年轻人下降。在整个项目期间，辅助资金得到了扩展：1）另外400个10-12岁的样本，2）理论观点，包括包括负面强化相关风险的行为衡量，以及3）评估的范围，包括靶向遗传标记物以及对环境评估的环境评估X的范围X级别的环境评估，以提供X环境X vive X的环境评估。如当前申请中所述，到目前为止，我们有很大的发现，我们提出了另外5年的支持期，以提供这项工作的继续，因为年轻人进入了一个艾滋病毒风险行为将开始达到顶峰的时期。 公共卫生相关性：尽管大规模的公共卫生努力减少与病毒的获取和传播相关的风险行为，但青春期感染的问题仍在增长。当前的研究将进一步发展和测试冒险行为的行为度量，作为艾滋病毒风险行为的前瞻性预测因素，较大的模型考虑了遗传变量和环境在自我报告和新颖的体内评估水平上的作用。这些发现可能对针对个性化风险预防计划有用。