Behavioral Measurement of Negative Reinforcement in Adolescent Alcohol Use/Abuse

青少年酒精使用/滥用的负强化行为测量

基本信息

批准号：
7804571
负责人：
Carl W Lejuez
金额：
$ 19.28万
依托单位：
UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-04-10 至 2012-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7804571
关键词：
21 year old Accounting Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Age Aged, 80 and over Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Arousal Aversive Stimulus Behavior assessment Behavioral Cause of Death Cessation of life Clinical Communities Complex Cross-Sectional Studies Data Derivation procedure Development Dimensions Disinhibition Emotions Etiology Factor Analysis Feeling Frequencies Future Goals Impairment Incidence Injury Laboratories Lead Maintenance Measures Mental Health Modeling National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Negative Reinforcements Occupational Outcome Patient Self-Report Personality Positive Reinforcements Prevalence Prevention Process Psychometrics Public Health Pump Relative (related person)Reporting Research Personnel Rewards Risk Risk Assessment Risk Behaviors Risk-Taking Role Sampling Self Medication Signal Transduction Stress and Coping Testing Validation Wood material Work Youth addiction adolescent alcohol initiation alcohol misuse alcohol related problem alcohol use initiation analog base behavior measurement coping drinking experience high risk sexual behavior in vivo indexing insight instrument physical conditioning public health relevance response social theories tool underage drinking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The problem of alcohol misuse in adolescence continues to grow despite large-scale public health efforts to reduce both its incidence and prevalence. To enhance prevention efforts, theorists have attempted to understand factors that contribute to the etiology and maintenance of alcohol misuse. There exist several models to understand the personality factors that lead adolescents to alcohol initiation and subsequent misuse. Predominantly, these models focus on some aspect of positive reinforcement, that is, how risk taking is influenced by the novelty, excitement and/or arousal associated with alcohol use. Behavioral measures have been developed to capture snap shots of reward seeking in a less transparent and potentially more accurate way than relevant self-report measures. Despite promising results, these tasks tap only positive reinforcement/reward seeking processes and do not address adolescents' use of alcohol in response to aversive stimuli, including coping with negative feelings or experiences. The importance of the latter is underscored in the negative reinforcement theory of addiction (as well as other related theories such as self- medication and stress-coping). Because tasks like the BART assess riskiness aimed at acquiring some positive effect, they provide no information about riskiness that may underlie alcohol misuse as maintained by negative reinforcement. There are currently no available behavioral instruments that assess negative reinforcement processes underlying riskiness. We propose to develop and validate a negative reinforcement- based task, based on a positive reinforcement-based task we have developed referred to the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), to increase the comprehensiveness and explanatory power of laboratory risk assessment measures in relation to alcohol and alcohol-related risk behaviors in youth. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of the current application is to develop and validate an assessment tool that focuses on adolescent alcohol use to avoid and/or ameliorate negative emotions and experiences, a process referred to as negative reinforcement. If successful, this task will help understand the role of negative reinforcement processes underlying alcohol use and problems, and may be useful for the development of prevention efforts targeting this vulnerability.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管公共卫生部门做出了大规模的努力来减少青少年酗酒的发生率和患病率，但青少年酗酒的问题仍在继续加剧。为了加强预防工作，理论家试图了解导致酒精滥用的病因和维持的因素。有几种模型可以理解导致青少年开始酗酒和随后滥用酒精的人格因素。这些模型主要关注正强化的某些方面，即与饮酒相关的新鲜感、兴奋和/或唤醒如何影响冒险行为。行为测量已经被开发出来，以比相关自我报告测量更不透明且可能更准确的方式捕捉奖励寻求的快照。尽管结果令人鼓舞，但这些任务仅利用积极的强化/寻求奖励的过程，并没有解决青少年使用酒精来应对厌恶刺激的问题，包括应对负面情绪或经历。成瘾的负强化理论（以及其他相关理论，如自我治疗和压力应对）强调了后者的重要性。因为像 BART 这样的任务评估风险的目的是获得一些积极的效果，所以它们没有提供有关可能构成通过负强化维持的酒精滥用的风险的信息。目前还没有可用的行为工具来评估潜在风险的负强化过程。我们建议在我们开发的基于正强化的任务（称为气球模拟风险任务（BART））的基础上开发和验证基于负强化的任务，以提高与以下方面相关的实验室风险评估措施的全面性和解释力：青少年的酒精和与酒精相关的危险行为。公共卫生相关性：当前应用程序的目标是开发和验证一种评估工具，重点关注青少年饮酒，以避免和/或改善负面情绪和经历，这一过程称为负强化。如果成功，这项任务将有助于了解饮酒和问题背后的负强化过程的作用，并且可能有助于制定针对这一脆弱性的预防工作。