Impulsivity and Demand for Drug in Rhesus Monkeys

恒河猴的冲动和对药物的需求

• 批准号: 8321051
• 负责人: GAIL D WINGER
• 金额: $ 33.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8321051
• 关键词: Age; Agonist; Animal Model; Barbiturates; Behavioral; Clinical Investigator; Cocaine; Drug abuse; Economics; Effectiveness; Elasticity; Environment; Ethanol; Evaluation; Food; Human; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Ketamine; Laboratories; Life; Macaca mulatta; Maternal Deprivation; Measures; Modification; Monkeys; Mothers; Nurseries; Opioid; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention program; Primates; Research; Resistance; Self-Administered; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; abstracting; barbituric acid salt; base; deprivation; design; discounting; drug abuse prevention; drug abuser; drug of abuse; drug reinforcement; drug testing; indexing; nonhuman primate; peer; reinforcer; remifentanil; research study; response; stressor; trait; treatment strategy; trend

Winger, G. Abstract Two behavioral economic concepts have been described as related to human drug abuser: inability to delay gratification as indicated by a relatively high choice for small immediate reinforcers over delayed, larger reinforcers, and relatively inelasitc demand for the drug itself. Work in our laboratory with nonhuman primates has revealed that drugs with substantial abuse liability (e.g., cocaine or mu- opioid agonists) produce demand curves with less elasticity of demand than drugs with reduced abuse liability (e.g., ketamine or short-acting barbiturates). More recently, we have found marked individual differences among monkeys with respect to economic demand for various drugs of abuse. Furthermore monkeys that have a high demand for one drug are very likely to have high demand for all other tested drugs, suggesting that some monkeys may be more like human drug abusers, and other monkeys are more resistant to the reinforcing effects of drugs. We have begun to measure impulsivity in rhesus monkeys as well, using remifentanil, and to a lesser extent, food as the reinforcers. Evidence for an impulsivity trait is less clear than is the evidence for a "demand" trait. Nevertheless, there is a trend toward a significant correlation between high demand and high impulsivity in individual monkeys. In the present proposal, we propose to continue to investigate this possible relationship between a measure of drug abuse, and a measure of impulsivity. In addition, we propose to use monkeys that differ in their early-life rearing; specifically, the monkeys were raised either by their mothers, or in a nursery with peers of a similar age. Peer-rearing has been shown to result in an increased response to stressors and greater propensity to self-administer ethanol in previous studies, and we will determine if this correlates with impulsivity and/ or demand for drug. These experiments will help to evaluate the premise that impulsivity is trait that is genetically determined and/or established by a particular environment early in life. Understanding more about the cause-and-effect relation between drug abuse and impulsivity could assist in devising strategies for reducing impulsivity that could be adjuncts to drug treatment intervention and drug-use prevention programs.

边锋，G。 抽象的 两种行为经济概念被描述为与人类滥用者有关的：无法 延迟满足，这是小型立即增强剂的相对较高选择所表明的 延迟，较大的增强剂和对药物本身的相对较不合理的需求。在我们的实验室工作 有非人类灵长类动物的侵犯责任的药物（例如，可卡因或MU- 阿片类药物的激动剂）产生需求曲线的需求弹性比降低的药物较小 滥用责任（例如氯胺酮或短效巴比妥类药物）。最近，我们发现了标记 猴子在各种滥用药物的经济需求方面存在个体差异。 此外，对一种药物需求很高的猴子很可能对 所有其他测试的药物，表明某些猴子可能更像人类滥用药物，而 其他猴子对药物的增强作用更具抵抗力。我们已经开始衡量 恒河猴的冲动性也使用瑞芬太尼，在较小程度上，食物为 增强剂。冲动性状的证据不及“需求”特征的证据。 然而，高需求与高度之间存在显着相关的趋势 单个猴子的冲动性。在本提案中，我们建议继续调查 药物滥用度量与冲动量度之间的可能关系。此外， 我们建议使用在早期饲养中不同的猴子。具体而言，猴子饲养了 由他们的母亲，或者是在幼儿园中，年龄相似的同龄人。同伴养育已显示 导致对压力源的反应增加，并更大的倾向在自助乙醇中 先前的研究，我们将确定这是否与冲动性和/或对药物的需求有关。 这些实验将有助于评估冲动性是基因性状的前提 由特定环境早期确定和/或建立。更多地了解 药物滥用和冲动之间的因果关系可以帮助制定策略 降低冲动性可能是药物治疗干预和预防药物的辅助性 程序。