High Resolution Optoelectronic Retinal Prosthesis

高分辨率光电视网膜假体

• 批准号: 7876691
• 负责人: DANIEL V PALANKER
• 金额: $ 125.16万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7876691
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acute; Address; Affect; Age related macular degeneration; Animal Model; Behavioral; Biomedical Research; Blindness; Cells; Chronic; Clinical Trials; Computer Systems Development; Computers; Development; Devices; Discrimination; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Electroretinography; Elements; Engineering; Environment; Etiology; Evaluation; Eye; Eye Movements; Felis catus; Health; Image; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; In Vitro; Light; Lighting; Link; Macular degeneration; Methods; Modeling; Morphology; Neural Retina; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Ophthalmologist; Optics; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Outcome; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Photoreceptors; Physiologic pulse; Preparation; Prosthesis; Rattus; Resolution; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Safety; Signal Transduction; Silicon; Staging; Staging System; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Thick; Tissues; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Fields; Visual system structure; base; biomaterial compatibility; computerized data processing; design; electric impedance; extracellular; flexibility; image processing; implantation; in vivo; innovation; novel; photoreceptor degeneration; prototype; public health relevance; research study; response; retinal neuron; retinal prosthesis; retinal stimulation; sight for the blind; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The two leading causes of untreatable blindness in the developed world are retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and end-stage macular degeneration (AMD). While the etiology of the diseases varies, they share a common outcome, the degeneration of photoreceptors, the light sensing cells of the retina. One approach to restoring visual function is to stimulate the remaining retinal circuitry using a retinal prosthetic that encodes the visual information into electrical signals. The challenge is to design such a system that interfaces with the diseased retina and provides a high resolution representation of the visual environment. This project brings together a unique combination of engineers, neurobiologists, and ophthalmologists to complete the development and evaluation of a high-resolution retinal prosthetic system designed specifically to achieve functional levels of vision. In this system the processed images of the visual scene are projected by pulsed infrared light onto a subretinally placed microphotodiode array. Photovoltaic pixels in the array convert pulsed light into biphasic pulses of electric current that directly stimulate retinal neurons. This Optoelectronic Retinal Prosthetic System offers several novel and advantageous features: hundreds or thousands of pixels in the implant can be activated simultaneously and independently, simplified surgical procedure, user-adjustable image processing, high resolution stimulation, a natural link between eye movements and image perception, a 3- dimensional implant structure that facilitates close proximity of neurons with stimulating electrodes, and modular design of the implant that allows for expansion of the stimulated field. Such a versatile system could be used to address the divergent needs of RP and AMD patients. Most of the system components have been developed and some aspects tested. Prototype photodiode arrays show long-term biocompatibility, and provide retinal stimulation upon illumination with IR flash. This proposal represents the final two stages of system development in rat and cat models of RP, prior to clinical trials. The proposed experiments will assess: stimulation efficacy and safety limits, long term biocompatibility, and limits of spatial resolution with flat and 3-dimensional implants in electrophysiological and behavioral experiments. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The two leading causes of untreatable blindness in the developed world are retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and end-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Both diseases result in the loss of photoreceptors, while most of the signal processing neurons in the retina are preserved. We propose to restore sight of the blind by delivering visual information to the remaining cells in the neural retina using high resolution electrical stimulation by a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis. This optoelectronic system represents an innovative and versatile design that addresses the divergent needs of patients with both RP and AMD.

描述（由申请人提供）：发达世界中无法治疗的失明的两个主要原因是色素性视网膜炎（RP）和终阶段黄斑变性（AMD）。 尽管疾病的病因不同，但它们具有共同的结果，感光体的退化，视网膜的光感应细胞。 一种恢复视觉功能的方法是使用将视觉信息编码为电信号的视网膜假体刺激其余的视网膜电路。 面临的挑战是设计一种与患病视网膜相连的系统，并提供了视觉环境的高分辨率表示。 该项目汇集了工程师，神经生物学家和眼科医生的独特组合，以完成专门旨在实现功能性视觉水平的高分辨率视网膜假体系统的开发和评估。 在此系统中，视觉场景的处理后图像通过脉冲红外光投射到下端放置的微动数阵列上。 阵列中的光伏像素将脉冲光转化为直接刺激视网膜神经元的电流的双相脉冲。 该光电视网膜假体系统提供了几种新颖和有利的功能：植入物中的数百或数千个像素可以同时且独立地激活，简化的手术程序，可调节的图像处理，高分辨率刺激，高分辨率刺激，眼睛运动之间的自然联系和图像感知之间的自然联系，一种3维植入物结构，可促进具有刺激电极的神经元的紧密接近，并允许植入物的模块化设计，从而允许刺激场的扩展。 这种多功能系统可用于满足RP和AMD患者的不同需求。 大多数系统组件已经开发出来，并测试了一些方面。 原型光电二极管阵列显示长期的生物相容性，并在用IR闪光灯照明时提供视网膜刺激。 该提案代表了在临床试验之前的大鼠和CAT模型中系统发展的最后两个阶段。 提出的实验将评估：刺激功效和安全限制，长期生物相容性以及在电生理和行为实验中具有平坦和3维植入物的空间分辨率的限制。 公共卫生相关性：发达世界中无法治疗的失明的两个主要原因是色素性视网膜炎（RP）和终阶段与年龄相关的黄斑变性（AMD）。 两种疾病都会导致感光体的丧失，而视网膜中的大多数信号处理神经元都保留了。 我们建议通过通过光伏视网膜下假体向神经视网膜的其余细胞传递视觉信息来恢复盲人的视线。 该光电系统代表了一种创新且多功能的设计，可满足RP和AMD患者的不同需求。