Auditory and Visual Integration and Plasticity

听觉和视觉整合与可塑性

• 批准号: 7676691
• 负责人: Qi N Cui
• 金额: $ 4.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7676691
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Aging; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Calibration; Cues; Development; Disease; Ear; Elderly; Environment; External auditory canal; Eye; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Goals; Head; Human; Image; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Location; Maps; Methods; Modification; Monitor; Nervous system structure; Ocular Fixation; Optics; Organ; Pathology; Physiological Adaptation; Plastics; Positioning Attribute; Process; Prosthesis; Recovery; Relative (related person); Retina; Retinal; Role; Route; Scheme; Sensory; Side; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Sound Localization; Spatial Behavior; Strabismus; System; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Vision; Visual; Visuospatial; Weight; age group; base; deafness; experience; external ear auricle; hearing impairment; human subject; impression; novel; novel diagnostics; oculomotor; research study; response; sample fixation; senescence; sound; virtual

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Vision and audition represent the outside world in spatial and temporal synergy that is crucial for guiding nearly all natural activities. The two systems differ dramatically in their processing of space; images are mapped directly onto the retina, while auditory space must be constructed centrally using location- dependent cues based upon interaural differences and spectral content. From these diverse inputs, visual and auditory space must be integrated into a common coordinate scheme and reference frame to be useful. Additionally, eye movements must be tracked accurately to maintain space constancy because they shift the retinal image relative to the head while the ears (and auditory space) remain head-fixed. The goal of this project is to understand how spatial co-calibration between the senses is maintained in humans despite the challenges of development, disease, and aging. Specific aims will: 1) establish the role of eye position in audio-visual interactions underlying spatial localization; 2) examine the relative contributions of eye position and cross-sensory experience on adaptive changes in sound localization after prism-induced shifts of visual space; and 3) elucidate novel adaptive mechanisms in sound localization following direct manipulations of auditory spatial cues using "virtual ears." Behavioral experiments before and after adaptive challenges will quantify the accuracy and precision of auditory and visual spatial localization across a broad region of frontal (multi-sensory) space while controlling and monitoring sensory inputs and eye position over time. Influences of senescence on the spatial senses and adaptive plasticity will be addressed into the ninth decade. This project will provide a fundamental understanding of audio-visual integration and adaptive plasticity between the spatial senses. These factors are essential for the recovery of normal spatial behavior following the challenges of disease and natural aging. A next step is to exploit this new knowledge towards the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉和试镜代表了空间和时间协同作用的外界，这对于指导几乎所有自然活动至关重要。这两个系统在空间处理方面有很大差异。图像直接映射到视网膜上，而听觉空间必须使用基于位置差异和光谱含量的位置依赖性提示在集中构造。从这些不同的输入中，视觉和听觉空间必须集成到通用坐标方案中，并参考框架有用。此外，必须准确跟踪眼睛运动以保持空间恒定，因为它们相对于头部（和听觉空间）保持头部固定而移动视网膜图像。该项目的目的是了解尽管发展，疾病和衰老面临挑战，但在人类中如何保持感官之间的空间共同校准。具体目的将：1）确定眼睛位置在空间定位基础的视听相互作用中的作用； 2）检查棱镜引起的视觉空间变化后，眼睛位置和跨感官体验对声音定位的自适应变化的相对贡献； 3）直接操纵使用“虚拟耳朵”的听觉空间提示，阐明了声音定位中的新型自适应机制。自适应挑战之前和之后的行为实验将量化额叶（多感应）空间区域的听觉和视觉空间定位的准确性和精度，同时控制和监视感觉输入和随着时间的流逝。衰老对空间感觉和自适应可塑性的影响将被解决到第九个十年。该项目将提供对空间感官之间视听整合和适应性可塑性的基本理解。这些因素对于在疾病和自然衰老的挑战之后恢复正常空间行为至关重要。下一步是利用这一新知识来开发新颖的诊断和治疗干预措施。