Malarial Immunity in Pregnant Cameroonian Women

喀麦隆孕妇的疟疾免疫力

• 批准号: 7623822
• 负责人: Diane Wallace Taylor
• 金额: $ 59.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7623822
• 关键词: Abbreviations; Address; Adverse effects; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Anemia; Antibodies; Antigens; Antimalarials; Applications Grants; Area; Asthma; B-Lymphocytes; Birth; Bite; Cameroon; Cells; Cellular Immunity; Central Africa; Child; Chloroquine; Chondroitin Sulfate A; Cities; Clinic; Clinical; Conceptions; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Enrollment; Erythrocytes; Falciparum Malaria; Fansidar; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fever; Fluorescence; Goals; Growth; Hawaii; Health; Healthcare; Immunity; Immunoglobulin G; Individual; Infant; Infection; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Low Birth Weight Infant; Malaria; Malaria prevention; Maternal Mortality; Maternal and Child Health; Methods; Mononuclear; Mothers; Newborn Infant; Parasites; Pathology; Placenta; Plasmodium falciparum; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant Women; Prevention strategy; Preventive; Production; Pyrimethamine; Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine; Research Personnel; Risk; Rural; Scientist; Severities; Slide; Sulfadoxine; Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance; Suspension substance; Suspensions; Technology; Testing; Time; Treatment Protocols; Uncertainty; Universities; Variant; Woman; Women' s Health; World Health Organization; acquired immunity; antigen binding; fetal; improved; in utero; neonate; pregnant; resistant strain; response; stem; transmission process; vaccine candidate

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major health problem for pregnant women since it increases maternal mortality and poor pregnancy outcomes. In addition, infants whose mothers have malaria during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing severe malaria, anemia, asthma and dying during the first year of life than those whose mothers remain malaria-free. Our long-term goal is to improve the health of women and children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, scientists at the University of Yaounde, Cameroon and University of Hawaii propose to answer key questions about the current recommended strategy for prevention of malaria during pregnancy, namely intermittent preventive treatment using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP). Specifically, we seek to determine if IPT-SP administered during the 2nd and/or 3rd trimester influences 1) the acquisition of antibodies (Ab) that inhibit parasite sequestration in the placenta, 2) placental pathology associated with low birthweight babies, 3) transplacental transfer of antimalarial IgG to vaccine-candidate antigens, 4) in utero priming of fetal T and B cells, and 5) the number and severity of P. falciparum infections infants have, as well as their rate of acquisition of immunity, during the first year of life. Studies will be conducted in the city of Yaounde where transmission is ~1 infectious bite per month and in rural villages where individuals receive ~0.7 infectious bites per night. The proposed studies will be the first to evaluate IPT-SP in pregnant women living in Central/West Africa and in an area where transmission of malaria is low. It will also be the first to study the effect of IPT-SP on production of Ab to the malaria antigen VAR2csa and how this relates to placental pathology associated with LEW babies. Finally, the study will be the first to determine if IPT-SP reduces the level of protective immunity infants have at birth and how this influences malaria episodes and Ab responses in infants during the 1st year of life. Relevance: The proposed study will help determine the strengths and weaknesses of the method currently recommended by the World Health Organization for prevention of malaria in pregnant women living in developing countries. New information from this study should lead to improved health care for African mothers and their children.

描述（由申请人提供）： 项目摘要：恶性疟原虫疟疾是孕妇的一个主要健康问题，因为它会增加孕产妇死亡率和不良妊娠结局。此外，与母亲未患疟疾的婴儿相比，母亲在怀孕期间患有疟疾的婴儿在出生后第一年罹患严重疟疾、贫血、哮喘和死亡的风险更高。我们的长期目标是改善生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的妇女和儿童的健康。因此，喀麦隆雅温得大学和夏威夷大学的科学家建议回答有关当前推荐的妊娠期疟疾预防策略的关键问题，即使用磺胺多辛-乙胺嘧啶（IPT-SP）进行间歇性预防治疗。具体来说，我们试图确定在妊娠第二和/或第三个月期间施用 IPT-SP 是否会影响 1) 抑制胎盘中寄生虫隔离的抗体 (Ab) 的获得，2) 与低出生体重婴儿相关的胎盘病理学，3) 经胎盘抗疟疾 IgG 转移至候选疫苗抗原，4) 胎儿 T 和 B 细胞在子宫内启动，以及 5) 疟疾的数量和严重程度婴儿在出生后第一年感染恶性疟原虫，并获得免疫力。研究将在雅温得市进行，该市每月约有 1 次传染性叮咬传播，而在乡村则有约 0.7 次传染性叮咬传播。拟议的研究将是第一个评估生活在中非/西非和疟疾传播率较低地区的孕妇的 IPT-SP 的研究。它还将首次研究 IPT-SP 对疟疾抗原 VAR2csa 抗体产生的影响，以及这与 LEW 婴儿相关胎盘病理学的关系。最后，该研究将首次确定 IPT-SP 是否会降低婴儿出生时的保护性免疫水平，以及这如何影响婴儿在生命第一年的疟疾发作和抗体反应。相关性：拟议的研究将有助于确定世界卫生组织目前推荐的用于发展中国家孕妇预防疟疾的方法的优点和缺点。这项研究的新信息应该会改善非洲母亲及其孩子的医疗保健。