Cortical Mechanisms Supporting Auditory Perceptual Learning

支持听觉感知学习的皮质机制

• 批准号: 10199742
• 负责人: Melissa Lynne Caras
• 金额: $ 24.52万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10199742
• 关键词: Active Listening; Address; Affect; Anatomy; Animals; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory Physiology; Auditory area; Auditory system; Award; Behavioral; Brain region; Calcium; Chalk; Collaborations; Communities; Data; Dependovirus; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Educational Status; Educational process of instructing; Educational workshop; Environment; Foundations; Goals; Image; Impairment; In Vitro; Individual; Interview; Label; Laboratories; Language Development; Lead; Learning; Letters; Literature; Maryland; Medial; Mediating; Mediation; Mentors; Monitor; Music; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; New York; Occupations; Opsin; Perceptual learning; Phase; Physiology; Play; Process; Property; Psychometrics; Psychophysics; Publications; Research; Role; Science; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Slice; Speed; Stimulus; System; Task Performances; Telemetry; Testing; Tracer; Training; Treatment Protocols; Universities; Wireless Technology; adeno-associated viral vector; awake; behavior prediction; cell type; experimental study; frontal lobe; hearing impairment; human imaging; improved; in vivo; medical schools; neuromechanism; normal hearing; optogenetics; prevent; programs; relating to nervous system; response; sensory cortex; sensory system; skills; sound; willingness

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Candidate: The candidate's long-term goal is to establish an independent research program focusing on the neural mechanisms of long-term perceptual plasticity in the auditory system. Her previous training has provided her with a strong foundation in auditory physiology, sensory plasticity, and behavioral neuroscience. Here, she proposes to expand her skill set with additional training in awake-behaving physiology, adeno- associated virus (AAV)-mediated, cell-type specific opsin expression, and wireless optogenetic manipulation of neural activity in awake-behaving animals. During the K99 phase, she will prepare for the transition to independence by attending workshops on chalk talks, teaching practices, job interviews, negotiation, and lab management. By the end of the mentored phase, the candidate will have the academic and practical skills needed to transition to establish her own laboratory. By the completion of the R00 period of this award, she will have the publication record and preliminary data needed to generate a highly competitive R01 application. Environment: K99 phase training will take place at New York University's (NYU) Center for Neural Science, an outstanding environment for postdoctoral level training in systems-level neuroscience. Dr. Dan Sanes, the primary mentor for this application, has an established auditory neuroscience research program that uses a range of approaches, including in vitro slice physiology, in vivo awake-behaving physiology, calcium imaging, psychophysics, and more recently, optogenetics. A collaboration with Dr. Gordon Fishell, located at NYU's School of Medicine, has provided the Sanes Lab with AAV vectors, allowing for targeted, cell-type specific opsin expression. Dr. Fishell has provided a letter of support, indicating his willingness to continue this collaboration, both with Dr. Sanes during the K99 phase of this award, and with the candidate directly, once she achieves independence. Additional mentoring will be provided by Dr. Daniel Polley (Harvard), and Dr. Jonathan Fritz (University of Maryland), both leaders in the auditory neuroscience community. Research: Long-term improvement in sound detection, a process known as perceptual learning, is critical to language acquisition and musical training. Despite its importance, our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual learning remains limited. Furthermore, evidence suggests that top-down modulations of cortical activity related to active listening are involved in perceptual learning, but it is unknown whether a causal relationship exists between these processes. The proposed research will address these issues. Wireless recordings will be made from the auditory cortex of animals as they are trained on a sound detection task, revealing the temporal relationship between neural and behavioral improvement as animals learn (K99). Similar recordings from frontal cortex (R00) will establish the dynamics of top-down activity during perceptual training. Wireless optogenetic activation of local inhibitory circuits within auditory cortex (K99) and frontal cortex (R00) will reveal the causal roles of these brain regions in perceptual learning.

项目概要/摘要 候选人：候选人的长期目标是建立一个独立的研究计划，重点关注 听觉系统长期知觉可塑性的神经机制。她之前的训练有 为她在听觉生理学、感觉可塑性和行为神经科学方面打下了坚实的基础。 在这里，她建议通过清醒行为生理学、腺- 相关病毒（AAV）介导的细胞类型特异性视蛋白表达以及无线光遗传学操作 清醒动物的神经活动。在K99阶段，她将为过渡到 通过参加粉笔演讲、教学实践、工作面试、谈判和实验室研讨会来培养独立性 管理。在指导阶段结束时，候选人将具备学术和实践技能 需要转型建立自己的实验室。完成该奖项的 R00 期后，她 将拥有生成具有高度竞争力的 R01 申请所需的发布记录和初步数据。 环境：K99阶段培训将在纽约大学（NYU）神经科学中心进行， 系统级神经科学博士后水平培训的良好环境。丹·萨内斯博士 该应用程序的主要导师，拥有一个已建立的听觉神经科学研究计划，该计划使用 一系列方法，包括体外切片生理学、体内清醒行为生理学、钙成像、 心理物理学，以及最近的光遗传学。与纽约大学 Gordon Fishell 博士合作 医学院为 Sanes 实验室提供了 AAV 载体，允许针对特定细胞类型 视蛋白表达。 Fishell博士提供了一封支持信，表明他愿意继续这项工作 合作，包括在该奖项的 K99 阶段与 Sanes 博士合作，以及直接与候选人合作，一次 她获得了独立。 Daniel Polley 博士（哈佛大学）和 Dr. Daniel Polley 将提供额外指导。 乔纳森·弗里茨（Jonathan Fritz）（马里兰大学），两人都是听觉神经科学界的领导者。 研究：声音检测的长期改进，即感知学习的过程，对于 语言习得和音乐训练。尽管它很重要，但我们对神经机制的理解 潜在的感知学习仍然有限。此外，有证据表明，自上而下的调节 与主动倾听相关的皮层活动参与感知学习，但尚不清楚是否有 这些过程之间存在因果关系。拟议的研究将解决这些问题。 当动物接受声音检测训练时，将通过其听觉皮层进行无线录音 任务，揭示动物学习时神经和行为改善之间的时间关系（K99）。 来自额叶皮层 (R00) 的类似记录将建立感知过程中自上而下活动的动态 训练。听觉皮层 (K99) 和额叶内局部抑制电路的无线光遗传学激活 皮层（R00）将揭示这些大脑区域在感知学习中的因果作用。