Admin Supplement (Lashaka Jones): Cortical Mechanisms Supporting Auditory Perceptual Learning

管理补充（Lashaka Jones）：支持听觉感知学习的皮质机制

• 批准号: 10223553
• 负责人: Melissa Lynne Caras
• 金额: $ 8.59万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10223553
• 关键词: Address; Anatomy; Animals; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain region; Clinical Treatment; Complex; Detection; Development; Gerbils; Goals; Hearing; Jird; Language; Language Development; Language Disorders; Lead; Learning; Mediating; Memory; Monitor; Music; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Perceptual learning; Play; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Role; Speech; Training; Treatment Protocols; Wireless Technology; base; clinical development; extracellular; hearing impairment; improved; neuromechanism; normal hearing; optogenetics; response; skills; sound

Summary The ability to improve our perceptual skills- to get better with practice- is critical for the acquisition of many complex behaviors, including speech and language. Despite its importance, our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this process, known as perceptual learning, remains limited. Recent evidence suggests that training-based plasticity occurs in the top-down networks that modulate auditory cortical activity during task engagement, likely playing an important role in generating long-term improvements in sound encoding and perception. The goal of this project is to explore this hypothesis, specifically focusing on one candidate brain region- the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). First, to establish the anatomical substrate of this modulation, direct and indirect pathways from OFC to ACx will be characterized in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) using anatomical tract tracing. Second, to determine the temporal dynamics of top- down activity during perceptual learning, multichannel extracellular recordings will be acquired wirelessly from OFC as animals train and improve on an auditory detection task. Third, to determine whether OFC-mediated modulation of auditory cortical activity plays a causal role in perceptual learning, optogenetics will be used to manipulate OFC activity while simultaneously monitoring auditory cortical response properties and behavioral output. This line of inquiry is well positioned to answer fundamental questions in the fields of auditory learning and memory, and holds the potential to inform the development of clinical treatments to improve perceptual skills in patients with hearing, speech, or language deficits.

概括 提高我们的感知能力（通过练习变得更好）的能力对于习得至关重要 许多复杂的行为，包括言语和语言。尽管它很重要，但我们的 了解这一过程背后的神经机制，称为感知学习， 仍然有限。最近的证据表明，基于训练的可塑性发生在自上而下的过程中 在任务参与过程中调节听觉皮层活动的网络，可能会发挥作用 在声音编码和感知的长期改进中发挥着重要作用。目标 这个项目的目的是探索这一假设，特别关注一个候选大脑区域 - 眶额皮质（OFC）。首先，为了建立这种调制的解剖学基础，直接 从 OFC 到 ACx 的间接途径将在蒙古沙鼠 (Meriones unguiculatus）使用解剖道追踪。其次，确定顶部的时间动态 感知学习期间活动减少，将获得多通道细胞外记录 当动物训练和改进听觉检测任务时，从 OFC 无线传输。三、至 确定 OFC 介导的听觉皮层活动调节是否在 感知学习，光遗传学将用于操纵 OFC 活动，同时 监测听觉皮层反应特性和行为输出。这个查询路线很好 旨在回答听觉学习和记忆领域的基本问题，以及 具有为临床治疗的发展提供信息的潜力，以提高感知技能 有听力、言语或语言障碍的患者。