Speech Perception with High Cognitive Demand

具有高认知需求的语音感知

• 批准号: 10198728
• 负责人: Jonathan Z. Simon
• 金额: $ 30.56万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10198728
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Aging; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Behavioral; Cognitive; Control Groups; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Exercise; Goals; Individual; Intervention; Magnetoencephalography; Measures; Mission; Mydriasis; Neuronal Plasticity; Noise; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Protocols documentation; Quality of life; Research; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Training; Training Programs; Work; active control; age related; aging brain; auditory processing; cognitive function; cognitive process; cognitive task; cognitive training; design; effective intervention; executive function; experimental study; frontal lobe; hearing impairment; improved; normal hearing; relating to nervous system; sensory cortex; skills; speech in noise; speech recognition; young adult

ABSTRACT Understanding speech in background noise is a common, yet effortful task that involves interactive auditory and cognitive processes. Age-related declines in the neural systems that underlie these functions may explain why speech-in-noise recognition is especially difficult for older adults, even for those with little to no hearing loss. This project will design, implement, and test interventions that train top-down, executive functions within an auditory task in order to improve speech recognition in noise for older normal-hearing adults. The current proposal systematically tests the overarching hypothesis that speech recognition in noise can be improved via training that specifically targets the interactive neural systems that underlie changes in auditory-cognitive processing with age. Three sets of experiments will identify patterns of cortical activity that 1) are associated with age-related changes in speech recognition in noise, 2) are engaged with candidate training exercises, and 3) that change with auditory-cognitive training. Behavioral, neural (using magnetoencephalography, MEG), and pupil dilation measures will be obtained in healthy younger and older adults with normal hearing. Specifically, Aim 1 tests the hypothesis that age-related declines in speech recognition in noise are predicted by changes in top-down modulation of auditory cortex activity. The proposed study will examine the extent to which age- related changes in the neural representation of speech in auditory cortex are associated with poorer speech recognition and greater cognitive effort. Aim 1 also tests whether these age-related declines are associated with a weaker relationship between frontal and temporal cortex activity. Aim 2 evaluates the extent to which specific auditory-cognitive tasks elicit top-down modulation of auditory cortex activity. Tasks that place greater demands on domain-general executive functions (e.g., inhibitory control, working memory) in the context of an auditory processing task are predicted to more robustly modulate frontal-temporal connectivity. Aim 3 tests the extent to which changes in top-down modulation of temporal cortex activity following auditory-cognitive training predict improvements in speech recognition in noise. In contrast to previous studies that have employed passive control groups, Aim 3 will test the prediction that an integrated auditory-cognitive training program yields increased frontal-temporal connectivity and thus better speech recognition in noise and reduced listening effort compared to an active training control group. By increasing our understanding of the aging brain, we aim to develop effective interventions to improve speech recognition and the overall quality of life of older adults.

抽象的 理解背景噪音中的语音是一项常见但费力的任务，涉及交互式听觉 和认知过程。这些功能背后的神经系统与年龄相关的衰退可能可以解释 为什么噪声中的语音识别对于老年人来说特别困难，甚至对于那些听力很少或完全没有听力的人来说也是如此 损失。该项目将设计、实施和测试干预措施，以培训自上而下的执行职能 一项听觉任务，旨在提高听力正常的老年人在噪声中的语音识别能力。目前的 该提案系统地测试了总体假设，即噪声中的语音识别可以通过以下方式得到改善： 专门针对听觉认知变化背后的交互式神经系统的训练 随着年龄的处理。三组实验将识别 1) 相关的皮质活动模式 随着噪声中语音识别的年龄相关变化，2) 参与候选人培训练习，并且 3）随着听觉认知训练的改变。行为、神经（使用脑磁图、MEG）和 对听力正常的健康年轻人和老年人进行瞳孔扩张测量。具体来说， 目标 1 检验以下假设：噪声中语音识别能力与年龄相关的下降是通过以下因素的变化来预测的： 听觉皮层活动的自上而下的调节。拟议的研究将考察年龄- 听觉皮层言语神经表征的相关变化与较差的言语有关 认可和更大的认知努力。目标 1 还测试这些与年龄相关的衰退是否相关 额叶和颞叶皮层活动之间的关系较弱。目标 2 评估了 特定的听觉认知任务会引发听觉皮层活动的自上而下的调节。任务分配更大 在特定环境中对领域通用执行功能（例如抑制控制、工作记忆）的要求 听觉处理任务预计会更稳健地调节额颞叶连接。目标 3 测试 听觉认知训练后颞叶皮层活动自上而下调节的变化程度 预测噪声中语音识别的改进。与之前使用的研究相比 被动对照组，目标 3 将测试综合听觉认知训练计划的预测 提高额颞叶连接性，从而在噪声中实现更好的语音识别并减少听力 与主动训练对照组相比的努力程度。通过增加我们对衰老大脑的了解，我们的目标是 制定有效的干预措施来改善老年人的语音识别和整体生活质量。