How Stress Alters Neural Systems of Reinforcement: A Model of Depressive Etiology

压力如何改变强化神经系统：抑郁病因学模型

基本信息

批准号：
7748992
负责人：
JAMES F CAVANAGH
金额：
$ 3.16万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-09-15 至 2010-09-14
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7748992
关键词：
Affect Affective Anterior Area Basal Ganglia Behavioral Behavioral inhibition Benign Brain Cardiovascular system Cognitive Computer Simulation Conflict (Psychology)Corpus striatum structure Data Depressed mood Diagnosis Discrimination Distress Dopamine Emotional Emotions Etiology Event Feedback Fright Future Goals Hormonal Hydrocortisone Individual Individual Differences Laboratories Learning Link Major Depressive Disorder Measurement Measures Medial Mediating Mental disorders Methodology Modeling National Institute of Mental Health Neurophysiology - biologic function Participant Phase Phenotype Physiological Probability Process Psychological reinforcement Punishment Randomized Reaction Research Rest Rewards Risk Risk Factors Role Sampling Shame Social Conditions Stimulus Stress System Testing Training Translations Universities acute stress base biological adaptation to stress cingulate cortex cognitive control cognitive function depressed depression depressive symptoms design in vivo indexing innovation monoamine neuromechanism novel paired stimuli public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response social social stress stressor trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposal aims to investigate how stress is internalized to affect cognitive functioning and increase the risk for Major Depressive Disorder (MOD). Dysfunctional stress reactivity may be a risk factor for MOD, yet mechanisms underlying this process remain unexplained. Both stress and MOD have been identified as compromising factors on "higher level" cognitive control systems and "lower level" sub-cortical systems. Similarly, both stress and MDD may alter an individual's sensitivity to reward and punishment (reinforcement). This proposal aims to identify the roles of frontal cortical and striatal systems in stress and MDD during reinforcement learning. Two participant groups will be tested: a non-depressed (n=75) and a depressed (n=25) group. All participants will first complete a probabilistic reward learning task. Following that task, the depressed group and a randomly assigned two thirds of the non-depressed group will complete a similar task under social stress. The other non-depressed participants will complete the same task under standard conditions. Electroencephalographic (EEC) recordings will be obtained during the tasks, which will allow objective measurement of neural activities reflective of reinforcement learning. Facets of acute stress reactivity (emotional and cortisol reactivity) will be investigated as moderators of the stress-learning link. This design will allow consideration of: 1) how specific neural systems become functionally compromised during high stress reactivity and 2) whether these same systems are compromised in depression. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: An understanding of the specific way that stress alters reinforcement sensitivity may reveal distinct neural mechanisms mediating the translation of prolonged stress into ongoing affective distress. The combined use of physiological and computational models to understand how stress, emotion, and cognitive processes contribute to mental disorders such as major depression is innovative, and in line with the high priority statements of the NIMH regarding combined approaches. Future directions may reveal objective risk factors for dysfunctional stress reactivity, providing tailored approaches of diagnosis and treatment for MDD.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案旨在调查压力如何内在影响认知功能并增加重度抑郁症的风险（MOD）。功能失调的应力反应性可能是MOD的危险因素，但是该过程的基础机制仍无法解释。压力和MOD都被确定为“高级”认知控制系统和“较低级别”亚皮质系统的妥协因素。同样，压力和MDD都可能改变个人对奖励和惩罚的敏感性（加强）。该建议旨在确定额叶和纹状体系统在增强学习过程中的压力和MDD中的作用。将测试两个参与者组：一个不抑郁的（n = 75）和一个抑郁症（n = 25）组。所有参与者将首先完成一项概率奖励学习任务。遵循该任务，在社会压力下，沮丧的组和随机分配的不抑郁群的三分之二将完成类似的任务。其他不抑郁的参与者将在标准条件下完成相同的任务。脑电图（EEC）记录将在任务期间获得，这将允许对反映强化学习的神经活动的客观测量。急性应激反应性（情绪和皮质醇反应性）的方面将作为应力学习联系的主持人进行研究。该设计将允许考虑：1）在高应力反应性中特定的神经系统如何在功能上受到损害，以及2）这些相同的系统是否在抑郁症中受到损害。公共卫生相关性：对压力改变增强敏感性的特定方式的理解可能会揭示出介导长期压力转化为持续不断的情感困扰的不同神经机制。生理和计算模型的联合使用以了解压力，情感和认知过程如何促进诸如严重抑郁症之类的精神障碍，并且与NIMH关于合并方法的高优先级陈述相符。未来的方向可能揭示了功能失调的压力反应性的客观危险因素，从而为MDD提供了量身定制的诊断和治疗方法。