Waterpipe tobacco smoke: toxicant exposure and effects

水烟烟雾：有毒物质暴露和影响

• 批准号: 7370210
• 负责人: THOMAS EVAN EISSENBERG
• 金额: $ 53.6万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-21 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7370210
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Address; Air; Aluminum; Analytical Chemistry; Arts; Attention; Attitude; Blood; Body Water; Breathing; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Carcinogens; Cardiovascular system; Cause of Death; Cellular biology; Cessation of life; Charcoal; Chronic; Cigarette; Clinical; Clinical Research; Dangerous Behavior; Data; Data Collection; Dependence; Epidemic; Exposure to; Flavoring; Frequencies; Head; Health; Heating; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Learning; Lung; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; Nicotine; Nitric Oxide; Numbers; Observational Study; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Participant; Perception; Personal Satisfaction; Placebos; Plasma; Prevalence; Prevention; Procedures; Public Health; Pulmonary function tests; Rate; Records; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Methodology; Sampling; Shapes; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Surveys; Techniques; Technology; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoke; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco use; Toxicant exposure; Training; Water; analytical method; cigarette smoking; cigarette smoking; cytotoxicity; day; hookah; mortality; novel; prevent; respiratory; response; smoke inhalation; toxicant; university student; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Globally, tobacco use accounts for 4.9 million deaths each year, including 400,000 in the U.S. These deaths are caused by inhaled smoke toxicants like carcinogens, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO). Another smoke toxicant, nicotine, produces dependence with prolonged use. Cigarette smoke toxicant content and smoker toxicant exposure has been well characterized, as have the subjective and cardiovascular effects of cigarette smoking. However, in the U.S. and globally, millions of people use waterpipes (hookah or shisha) to smoke tobacco: the smoker fills the "head" with sweetened and flavored tobacco, covers it with perforated aluminum foil, and tops the foil with lit charcoal. Charcoal and tobacco smoke pass to the user via a half-filled water bowl, hose, and mouthpiece. Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in the U.S., especially among college students for whom prevalence rates may be 15-20%. Relative to one cigarette, one waterpipe use episode can generate 100 times the smoke, with user toxicant exposure, effects, and smoke toxicant content that are largely unknown. These outcomes may depend upon an individual's use frequency and whether the individual uses the waterpipe alone or with a group. This project combines clinical laboratory methods, analytical chemistry, and cellular biology to achieve three specific aims. 1) Learn about individual waterpipe user toxicant exposure, effects, and smoke toxicant content. In two separate sessions, 130 waterpipe users (65 reporting 2-5 uses/month and 65 reporting > 21 uses/month) will use a waterpipe loaded with preferred brand/flavor of waterpipe tobacco or placebo. Outcome measures include CO and NO, plasma nicotine, subjective, cardiovascular, and pulmonary response, and puff topography (puff number, volume, duration, and interpuff interval). Topography records will be replayed in an analytical laboratory to study smoke toxicant content and cytotoxicity/mutagenicity. 2) Learn how group use influences waterpipe toxicant exposure, effect, and smoke toxicant content. In an observational study, trained staff will use rigorous sampling and data collection procedures to study group waterpipe tobacco smoking in local cafs. In a laboratory study informed by observational study results, 65 waterpipe- sharing groups will use a waterpipe in the laboratory as a group in one session, and as individuals in another session, and user toxicant exposure and effects, and smoke toxicant content will be assessed as in Study 1. 3) Compare the toxicant exposure and effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking and cigarette smoking. In two sessions, 100 waterpipe users who also smoke cigarettes will either use a waterpipe or smoke a cigarette; outcome measures include exposure to CO, NO, and nicotine, as well as cardiovascular, respiratory, and subjective effects. Waterpipe use is disturbingly common among U.S. young adults. More information is needed about waterpipe effects, and it can be obtained from clinical laboratory studies and smoke toxicant analysis. This information is necessary to understand this potentially dangerous behavior, while shaping knowledge, opinions, and attitudes in a way that enhances public health. This project is relevant to public health because waterpipe tobacco smoking is a little-understood but rapidly emerging strain in the nation's tobacco use epidemic. The project will inform nascent efforts to prevent waterpipe tobacco smoking from contributing substantially to tobacco's morbidity and mortality by revealing the user toxicant exposure, subjective, cardiovascular, and pulmonary effects, and cytogenicity and mutagenicity of waterpipe tobacco smoke produced by individuals and groups; it will also address frequent but probably erroneous statements regarding waterpipe filtering and lower toxicant levels relative to cigarette smoke. The positive health impact of this type of research on tobacco cigarette smoking is well-documented; this project seeks similar positive outcomes on another potentially lethal form of tobacco use.

描述（由申请人提供）：在全球范围内，烟草使用每年490万人死亡，其中包括美国40万人死亡，这些死亡是由吸入的烟雾毒素，如癌，一氧化碳（CO）和一氧化氮（NO）引起的。另一种烟雾毒物尼古丁会随着长期使用而产生依赖性。香烟烟雾有毒含量和吸烟者的毒性暴露已经得到很好的特征，吸烟的主观和心血管效应也是如此。但是，在美国和全球，数以百万计的人使用水管（水烟或shisha）吸烟：吸烟者用甜味和味道散发烟草充满了“头”，用穿孔的铝箔覆盖它，并用燃料的木炭在箔纸上上面。木炭和烟草烟雾通过半填充的水碗，软管和烟嘴传递给用户。在美国，吸水烟草吸烟正在增加，尤其是在患病率可能为15-20％的大学生中。相对于一支香烟，一个水管使用发作可产生100倍的烟雾，而用户有毒物质的暴露，效果和烟雾毒剂含量在很大程度上未知。这些结果可能取决于个人的使用频率以及个人是单独使用水管还是与一组使用。该项目结合了临床实验室方法，分析化学和细胞生物学，以实现三个特定目标。 1）了解单个水管的用户毒性暴露，效果和烟雾有毒物质含量。在两个单独的会话中，130个水管用户（65个报告2-5使用/月份和65个报告> 21用途/月）将使用装有供水烟草或安慰剂的首选品牌/风味的水管。结果指标包括CO和NO，血浆尼古丁，主观，心血管和肺反应以及泡芙地形（粉扑数，体积，持续时间和插值间隔）。地形记录将在分析实验室重播，以研究烟雾毒性含量和细胞毒性/诱变性。 2）了解群体使用如何影响水管有毒物质的暴露，效果和烟雾毒物含量。在一项观察性研究中，训练有素的工作人员将使用严格的抽样和数据收集程序来研究当地CAF中的水烟烟草吸烟。在一项由观察性研究结果告知的实验室研究中，有65个水管共享组将在一次会议上作为一个小组，在另一个会议中作为一个人，以及用户有毒的暴露和效果，以及研究1。3）将评估烟雾毒性的含量。在两次会议中，也有100名吸烟的水管使用者将使用水管或抽烟。结果指标包括接触CO，NO和NICONE，以及心血管，呼吸和主观效应。在美国年轻人中，用水管的使用令人不安。需要更多有关水管效应的信息，可以从临床实验室研究和烟雾毒物分析中获得。这些信息对于理解这种潜在危险的行为是必要的，同时以增强公共卫生的方式塑造知识，观点和态度。该项目与公共卫生有关，因为水烟烟草吸烟在美国的烟草流行中有点觉得有点觉得，但迅速出现的压力。该项目将通过揭示用户毒物的暴露，主观，心血管和肺部作用以及供水管烟雾烟的毒品和细胞生成性和诱变性，从而为防止水烟烟草吸烟造成烟草的发病率和死亡而为烟草的发病率和死亡做出重大贡献。它还将解决有关水管过滤和较低毒物水平相对于香烟烟雾的频繁但可能错误的陈述。这类研究对烟草吸烟的积极影响是有据可查的；该项目在另一种潜在的致命烟草使用形式上寻求类似的积极结果。