Life Course and Contextual Determinants of HIV Risk

HIV 风险的生命历程和背景决定因素

基本信息

批准号：
7019109
负责人：
Christopher R Browning
金额：
$ 21.54万
依托单位：
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-03-10 至 2009-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7019109
关键词：
HIV infections adolescence (12-20)behavioral /social science research tag clinical research community disease /disorder proneness /risk family structure /dynamics high risk behavior /lifestyle human data lifestyle longitudinal human study psychometrics schools sex behavior social behavior social support network socioeconomics urban area

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to advance knowledge regarding adolescent life course determinants of HIV risk behavior with explicit attention to the neighborhood context of risk. While a range of studies has investigated the role of structural context (e.g., neighborhood poverty) on the prevalence of risk behavior, few have attempted to unpack the mechanisms that link these factors with rates of risky sexual activity. We address the following questions: (1) Are structural and spatial features of urban neighborhoods (concentrated disadvantage, concentrated affluence, residential stability, & ethnic heterogeneity) associated with adolescent sexual risk behavior? (2) Do neighborhood social processes (collective efficacy, physical and social disorder, & normative orientations) mediate or moderate associations between neighborhood structural effects and sexual risk behavior? (3) Do community institutional resources (neighborhood organizations/services & schools) mediate or moderate associations among neighborhood structural effects and sexual risk behavior? And (4) Do neighborhood social networks and family processes (conflict/aggression and parental warmth, harshness, and engagement) mediate or moderate neighborhood structural effects on sexual risk behavior? We also consider whether the effect of hypothesized mechanisms of neighborhood structural effects on sexual risk behavior are moderated by individual developmental vulnerabilities (poor emotional health and low cognitive functioning) and proximal risk factors (exposure to violence, deviant peers, & risk tolerant attitudes) as well as potential interactions between neighborhood social processes and other contextual influences. Data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods are used to examine neighborhood effects on sexual risk behavior. This study is multilevel, with households randomly selected from 80 Chicago neighborhoods stratified by race/ethnicity and SES. For this proposal, 3 waves of data will be used for 3 cohorts of youth first seen at ages 9, 12, and 15 and every 2 years thereafter (N = 2344). Intensive interviews with adolescents and parents were conducted at each wave. Neighborhood characteristics were assessed before wave 1 and at wave 3. Neighborhood data are drawn from: (1) large-scale survey of resident's assessments of neighborhoods; (2) observational study of neighborhoods; (3) Census data; and (4) administrative data from local agencies.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案旨在增进有关艾滋病毒风险行为的青少年生命历程决定因素的知识，并明确关注邻里风险背景。虽然一系列研究调查了结构性背景（例如，社区贫困）对危险行为发生率的影响，但很少有人试图揭示这些因素与危险性活动发生率之间的联系机制。我们解决以下问题：（1）城市社区的结构和空间特征（劣势集中、富裕集中、居住稳定性和种族异质性）是否与青少年性危险行为相关？ (2) 邻里社会过程（集体效能、身体和社会障碍以及规范取向）是否介导或调节邻里结构效应和性危险行为之间的关联？ (3) 社区机构资源（社区组织/服务和学校）是否介导或调节社区结构效应与性危险行为之间的关联？ (4) 邻里社交网络和家庭过程（冲突/攻击性和父母的温暖、严厉和参与）是否介导或调节邻里结构对性危险行为的影响？我们还考虑了假设的邻里结构效应机制对性风险行为的影响是否受到个体发展脆弱性（不良情绪健康和低认知功能）和近端风险因素（暴露于暴力、异常同伴和风险容忍态度）的调节，以及邻里社会过程和其他背景影响之间的潜在相互作用。芝加哥社区人类发展项目的数据用于研究社区对性危险行为的影响。这项研究是多层次的，从 80 个芝加哥社区中随机选择的家庭，按种族/族裔和社会经济地位分层。对于该提案，将针对首次在 9 岁、12 岁和 15 岁就诊的 3 组青少年使用 3 波数据，此后每 2 年使用一次（N = 2344）。每波都对青少年和家长进行深入访谈。在第 1 波之前和第 3 波时评估了社区特征。社区数据来自： (1) 居民对社区评估的大规模调查； (2) 社区观察研究； (3) 人口普查数据； (4) 来自当地机构的行政数据。