Neighborhood Context and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Health

邻里环境与青少年心理和行为健康

基本信息

批准号：
7730850
负责人：
Christopher R Browning
金额：
$ 33.77万
依托单位：
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-08-15 至 2010-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7730850
关键词：
18 year old Achievement Address Adolescent Adolescent Development Affect Age Characteristics Chicago Classification Cohort Studies Communities Community Surveys Crime Critical Pathways Data Data Sources Development Disadvantaged Disease Ecology Economic Conditions Ethnic Origin Exposure to Face Garbage Gender Goals Health Health care facility Human Development Immigrant Individual Informal Social Control Intervention Intoxication Knowledge Light Link Mediating Needles Neighborhoods Outcome Parenting behavior Parents Pathway interactions Personal Satisfaction Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Policy Maker Poverty Prevalence Problem behavior Process Prostitution Race Reliance Research Research Personnel Resources Role Sampling Social Controls Statistical Models Structure Syringes Trauma Trust Violence Youth base behavioral health cohesion cohort design experience foot innovation land use peer psychologic public health relevance social trafficking willingness

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study has four aims: (1) to advance understanding of the relationship between neighborhood structural characteristics and psychological and behavioral health (internalizing and externalizing problems) among urban adolescents and, critically, to investigate key neighborhood-level social process indicators that may influence adolescent well-being; (2) to investigate potential indirect pathways between neighborhood social processes and adolescents' psychological and behavioral health via proximate developmental contexts (i.e., parent and peer relationships) and traumatic experiences (i.e., exposure to community violence); (3) to determine whether neighborhood processes condition the influence of proximate developmental contexts and experiences on adolescents' psychological and behavioral health; and (4) to examine the interdependent contributions of neighborhood context and key demographic characteristics (gender and race/ethnicity) to adolescent health. The project will focus largely on the influence of four specific indicators of neighborhood level processes: (1) collective efficacy, which refers to attachment and mutual trust among residents (i.e., social cohesion) and to the resultant willingness to protect against threats to residents' collective well-being (i.e., informal social controls Sampson, 2003; Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997; Sampson & Wilson, 1995); (2) disorder, which refers both to public acts of deviance (e.g., common street crimes such as drug dealing and prostitution, public arguments, public intoxication) and to physical evidence of deviance and decay (e.g., needles/syringes on the streets, garbage on the streets; Skogan, 1990; Sampson & Raudenbush, 1999); (3) social ecologies, which are characterized by the prevalence of conventional outdoor foot traffic and the resulting social control of public spaces (Duany, Plater-Zyberk, & Speck 2000); and (4) institutional resources, which refer to resources such as neighborhood organizations and health care facilities (Leventhal & Brooks- Gunn, 2000). To address study aims, we will use data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) - an innovative multi-study project specifically designed to promote understanding of contextual influences on youth development. Analyses will involve three PHDCN data sources: (1) the Longitudinal Cohort Study data from youth in four age cohorts (9, 12, 15, and 18 year olds in 1995) selected from 80 Chicago neighborhoods (N = 2,978); (2) an independent Community Survey of Chicago residents (N=8782; 1995); and (3) a Systematic Social Observation study of over 15,000 block faces within the sampled 80 neighborhoods. Our analytic approach will combine multilevel and spatial statistical models to explore key hypotheses. Findings from the study have the potential to illuminate critical pathways through which neighborhood level disadvantage influences adolescent psychological and behavioral health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will contribute to a better understanding of how neighborhood factors affect adolescent psychological and behavioral health. Findings from the research may help guide interventions that aim to address urban adolescent health, both with respect to the types of neighborhoods that should be targeted for intervention and the neighborhood level structural and social process characteristics that are most likely to influence adolescent outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究具有四个目的：（1）促进城市青少年中邻里结构特征与心理健康和行为健康（内部化和外部化问题）之间关系的理解，并在批判性地调查可能影响青少年健康的关键社区层面的社会过程指标；（2）通过邻近的发展环境（即父母和同伴关系）和创伤经历（即暴露于社区暴力），调查邻里社会过程与青少年的心理和行为健康之间的潜在间接途径；（3）确定邻里过程是否调节了近端发育环境和经验对青少年心理和行为健康的影响；（4）研究邻里环境和关键人口特征（性别和种族/种族）对青少年健康的相互依存的贡献。 The project will focus largely on the influence of four specific indicators of neighborhood level processes: (1) collective efficacy, which refers to attachment and mutual trust among residents (i.e., social cohesion) and to the resultant willingness to protect against threats to residents' collective well-being (i.e., informal social controls Sampson, 2003; Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997; Sampson & Wilson, 1995）; （2）疾病是指公共偏差行为（例如，诸如毒品交易和卖淫，公共论点，公众中毒）的普通街头犯罪以及偏离和衰败的物理证据（例如街上的针头/注射器，街上的垃圾，街上的垃圾； Skogan，Skogan，1990; Sampson＆Raudenbush，1999年）； 1990年）；（3）社会生态，其特征是传统的户外人流流行和由此产生的公共空间的社会控制（Duany，Plater-Zyberk，＆Speck 2000）；（4）机构资源，它是指诸如邻里组织和医疗机构等资源（Leventhal＆Brooks- Gunn，2000年）。为了解决研究目标，我们将使用芝加哥社区人类发展项目（PHDCN）的数据 - 一个创新的多研究项目，专门旨在促进对情境对青年发展的影响的理解。分析将涉及三个PHDCN数据来源：（1）从四个年龄段的年轻人（1995年的9、12、15和18岁的孩子）中的纵向队列研究数据（1995年）从80个芝加哥社区中选出（n = 2,978）；（2）对芝加哥居民的独立社区调查（n = 8782； 1995）；（3）在80个社区中对15,000多个面孔进行了系统的社会观察研究。我们的分析方法将结合多级和空间统计模型，以探索关键假设。该研究的发现有可能照亮关键途径，通过哪些邻里级别的不利影响会影响青少年心理和行为健康。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将有助于更好地了解邻里因素如何影响青少年心理和行为健康。研究结果可能有助于指导旨在解决城市青少年健康的干预措施，无论是针对干预措施的针对性的社区类型以及最有可能影响青少年结果的邻里水平的结构和社会过程特征。