Effect of early life exposure to social adversity and pesticides on risk-taking behavior of 16-18 year olds: the CHAMACOS study

早年接触社会逆境和农药对 16-18 岁青少年冒险行为的影响：CHAMACOS 研究

• 批准号: 9356508
• 负责人: Brenda Eskenazi
• 金额: $ 67.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9356508
• 关键词: 15 year old; 18 year old; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Aggressive behavior; Agriculture; Air; Air Pollution; Animal Model; Attention; Behavior; Biological Markers; Birth; California; Chemicals; Child; Child Development; Code; Cognition; Communities; Complex Mixtures; Conflict (Psychology); Crime; Crowding; Data; Data Reporting; Databases; Development; Drug usage; Dust; Early Intervention; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Impact; Etiology; Exposure to; Failure; Family; Farming environment; Food; Fright; Funding; Generations; Goals; Grant; Home environment; Household; Housing; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Latino; Lead; Life; Location; Low income; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Meteorology; Methods; Mexican Americans; Modeling; Monitor; Mothers; Neighborhoods; Organophosphates; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Population; Poverty; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Role; Salinas Valley; School-Age Population; Schools; Sex Behavior; Statistical Methods; Substance abuse problem; Sum; Time; Toxic effect; Visit; Work; Youth; adverse outcome; agricultural community; agricultural pesticide; base; behavioral outcome; cognitive ability; cohesion; cohort; criminal behavior; cultural values; driving behavior; early adolescence; early life exposure; emerging adult; epidemiology study; experience; externalizing behavior; gang violence; high risk behavior; high school; housing instability; in utero; inorganic phosphate; maternal depression; neurotoxic; neurotoxicity; parental monitoring; pesticide exposure; physical property; prenatal; prenatal exposure; prevent; prospective; social; stressor; success; urinary

ABSTRACT For the past 15 years, we have chronicled the development of over 600 primarily low-income, first- generation Latino children born in the Salinas Valley, known as “the nation's salad bowl.” The children of the CHAMACOS longitudinal birth cohort are now coming of age in a community identified by the Department of Justice as an epicenter of youth gang violence. Our previous research has shown that in utero exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) was associated with impaired attention3 and lower IQ at school age for CHAMACOS children,4 both of which are risk factors for adverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Our data also indicate that CHAMACOS children have experienced considerable early life stressors, including poverty, food insecurity, housing instability, household overcrowding, family conflict and separation, maternal depression, and fear of deportation that may predispose them to adverse outcomes. We propose to investigate the interaction of in utero exposure to a host of neurotoxic pesticides with early life social adversity in association with behavioral outcomes during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood (age 16 and ~18 years): specifically, externalizing and risk-taking behaviors, delinquent and criminal activities, and school failure versus success/graduation. Through our research, we will investigate developmental outcomes of exposure to the complex mixture of pesticides used in Salinas Valley agriculture, making use of geo-coded that allows assessment of chemicals that lack biomarkers. We will also collaborate with child development Pesticide Use Reporting data (PUR) experts to synthesize the wealth of data we have gathered on family-level and neighborhood-level adversities (e.g. poverty, crime) into cumulative adversity exposure variables corresponding to specific developmental windows (i.e. in utero, birth to age 5, and birth to age 9), and will do the same for protective factors (e.g. maintenance of positive cultural values, child-parent attachment). We hypothesize that exposure to neurotoxic pesticides and early life adversity will each independently increase adverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence/early adulthood, and that early adversity may modify the effects of pesticide exposures. We further suggest that the decreased cognitive abilities and poorer attention observed in association with pesticide exposure in CHAMACOS children at school age may mediate this relationship. Thus, the goal of this project is to evaluate the neurotoxicity of current-use pesticides and early social adversity to human populations, assess effects of early life exposure to both these chemical and non-chemical stressors on adolescent/early adult behaviors of societal concern, and identify targets for early intervention to prevent longer term poor outcomes.

抽象的 在过去 15 年里，我们记录了 600 多个主要是低收入、优先 出生在萨利纳斯山谷的一代拉丁裔儿童，被称为“国家的沙拉碗”。 CHAMACOS 纵向出生队列现已在卫生部确定的社区中成年。 我们之前的研究表明，司法是青少年帮派暴力的中心。 有机磷农药（OP）与学龄儿童注意力受损3和智商降低有关 CHAMACOS 儿童4，这两者都是青春期和青少年时期不良行为结果的危险因素。 我们的数据还表明，CHAMACOS 儿童经历了相当长的早期生活。 压力源，包括贫困、粮食不安全、住房不稳定、家庭过度拥挤、家庭冲突和 分离、产妇抑郁以及对驱逐出境的恐惧可能会使他们遭受不良后果。 提议调查子宫内接触多种神经毒性农药与早期生命的相互作用 从青春期到早期的过渡期间，社会逆境与行为结果相关 成年期（16岁和~18岁）：具体来说，外化和冒险行为、违法和犯罪行为 活动、学校失败与成功/毕业。 通过我们的研究，我们将调查暴露于复杂混合物中的发育结果 萨利纳斯山谷农业中使用的农药，利用地理编码 允许评估缺乏生物标志物的化学物质我们还将与儿童发育合作。 农药使用报告数据 (PUR) 专家综合我们收集的有关家庭层面和社区层面逆境的大量数据 （例如贫困、犯罪）转化为与特定发展相对应的累积逆境暴露变量 窗口（即在子宫内、出生到 5 岁、出生到 9 岁），并且对于保护因素（例如，出生）也会做同样的事情。 维护积极的文化价值观、子女与父母的依恋）。 我们相信，接触神经毒性农药和早年的逆境将各自独立地发挥作用。 增加青春期/成年早期的不良行为结果，早期的逆境可能会改变 我们进一步表明，接触农药的影响会导致认知能力下降和较差。 观察到的与学龄 CHAMACOS 儿童农药接触相关的注意力可能会介导 因此，该项目的目标是评估当前使用的农药的神经毒性和 人类早期的社会逆境，评估生命早期接触这些化学物质的影响 非化学压力源对社会关注的青少年/早期成人行为的影响，并确定早期的目标 干预以防止长期不良结果。