ALCOHOL & CRASH FATALITIES: ETHNIC GROUPS AT RISK

酒精

• 批准号: 6620407
• 负责人: EDUARDO O ROMANO
• 金额: $ 15.2万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2005-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6620407
• 关键词: academic achievement; age difference; aggression; attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; criminology; culture; driving while intoxicated; epidemiology; gender difference; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human data; human mortality; income; negative reinforcements; perception; prejudice; racial /ethnic difference; safety equipment; socioeconomics; transportation /recreation safety; vehicular accident; academic achievement; age difference; aggression; attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; criminology; culture; driving while intoxicated; epidemiology; gender difference; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human data; human mortality; income; negative reinforcements; perception; prejudice; racial /ethnic difference; safety equipment; socioeconomics; transportation /recreation safety; vehicular accident

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Concern about the overrepresentation of some racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. in motor vehicle fatalities has put pressure on Federal and state agencies to develop and implement safety programs tailored to the special needs of minority populations. To be effective, however, these programs must be based on sound knowledge of the level of risk incurred by different groups and the reasons for their overinvolvement in crashes. Currently such comprehensive and in-depth knowledge does not exist. The purpose of the proposed research is to conduct a secondary analysis of a uniquely available data set---the FARS, a large national fatal crash database with recently added information on the race/ethnicity of fatalities --- coupled with other data sources to examine the role of race/ethnicity in alcohol-, seat belt nonuse-, and aggressive driving-related motor vehicle crash (MVC) fatality. Study I of the research will incorporate information previously not included in studies of race/ethnicity that contribute to group heterogeneity-acculturation level, education, and income-to identify more specifically the racial/ethnic groups and subgroups (ethnic/gender/age) at risk for MVCs. The methods used for this identification process will be the most comprehensive conducted to date because of the use of multiple and extensive data sets as well as the analytic techniques used. The application of segmentation analysis prior to logistic regression analyses will allow for the incorporation of a large number of relevant and interacting variables into the identification process. Groups at risk will be identified for the nation as well as for each of the four most populated and ethnically diverse states (California, New York, Texas, and Florida). Once the identification of specific ethnic/age/gender groups at risk is completed, Study 2 will link data from a national survey on drinking and driving to investigate differences in attitudes and perceptions related to impaired driving (e.g., perceived riskiness of drinking and driving, perceived likelihood of being caught and punished for driving under the influence of alcohol) across the at risk groups identified in Study 1. Thus, Study I will indicate those groups at greatest risk for crash involvement and death, while Study 2 will provide information about what personal risk factors for drinking and driving should be targeted for change by interventions to reduce the likelihood of drunk driving and alcohol-related MVC fatality among at risk groups. The results from the project will be useful to policymakers and program managers and will inform the design and delivery of traffic safety interventions tailored to minority populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：关注过度代表 美国的一些种族/族裔犯有汽车死亡人数 对联邦和州机构制定和实施安全的压力 根据少数民族人口的特殊需求量身定制的计划。是 但是，这些程序必须基于对 不同群体产生的风险水平以及其原因 崩溃中的卷入过度。目前如此全面而深入 知识不存在。拟议研究的目的是进行 独特可用的数据集的次要分析---远方，大型 国家致命崩溃数据库，最近添加了有关 死亡的种族/民族---与其他数据源一起检查 种族/民族在酒精，安全带不使用和侵略性中的作用 与驾驶有关的机动车撞车事故（MVC）死亡。研究I 将包含以前未包括的信息 有助于群体异质性 - 培养水平的种族/民族， 教育和收入更具体地确定种族/族裔群体 和MVC风险的亚组（种族/性别/年龄）。用于此的方法 识别过程将是迄今为止最全面的执行 由于使用了多个和广泛的数据集以及分析 使用的技术。逻辑之前的细分分析应用 回归分析将允许合并大量 相关和相互作用的变量到标识过程中。组 将确定国家以及最多四个的风险 人口稠密和种族多样的州（加利福尼亚，纽约，德克萨斯州和 佛罗里达）。一旦确定有风险的特定种族/年龄/性别群体 已完成，研究2将链接全国性饮酒调查的数据和 开车调查与 驾驶受损（例如，饮酒和驾驶的风险，感知到 因在其影响下驾驶和惩罚的可能性 酒精）在研究1中确定的AT风险组中。因此，研究I将 指出那些遇到坠机事故和死亡风险最大的群体，而 研究2将提供有关饮酒的个人风险因素的信息 并且应通过干预措施将驾驶定位 处于危险中的酒后驾车和与酒精有关的MVC死亡的可能性 组。该项目的结果将对政策制定者和 计划经理，并将告知交通安全的设计和交付 针对少数族裔量身定制的干预措施。