A Nationwide Case-Control Study of Firearm Violence Prevention Tactics and Policies in K-12 Schools

K-12 学校枪支暴力预防策略和政策的全国病例对照研究

• 批准号: 10841282
• 负责人: CHARLES C. BRANAS
• 金额: $ 4.79万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10841282
• 关键词: Case/Control Studies; Child; Communities; Data; Databases; Disparate; Epidemiology; Event; Fright; Incidence; Individual; Link; Logistic Regressions; Metals; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Panic; Policies; Public Health; Random Allocation; Research; Resources; Safety; Sampling; Schools; Students; Surveys; Suspensions; Techniques; Testing; Training; Violence; Visit; active shooter; demographics; density; detector; economic disparity; educational atmosphere; experience; gun violence; health disparity; high school; improved; innovation; mass shooting; population based; prevent; racial disparity; school district; school health; violence prevention

Project Summary/Abstract Mass violence, especially involving active shootings in schools, is a significant and persistent public health threat in the US. The negative impact of these tragedies on the national psyche and individual citizens, whether they are directly involved in these shootings or not, is a top public concern, particularly for children. Tactics and policies to improve school safety and assuage fears are being implemented, but have not been scientifically tested and may have unintended consequences. Moreover, health disparities may be growing as school districts differentially use these tactics and policies based on factors unrelated to school safety, including school demographics and disciplinary actions such as suspensions and expulsions. The proposed research team has conducted substantial prior research on violence and school health as well as a pilot case- control study of school safety tactics and policies to prevent active shootings, demonstrating the feasibility of a larger study. Given this, the broad objective of the proposed study is to conduct the first nationwide study of school safety tactics and policies (e.g., metal detectors, locked entrances and classrooms, school resource officers, active shooter trainings, panic buttons, and others) and their potential impact on active shootings and student disciplinary action across disparate types of schools in the US. In pursuing this, three key specific aims will be completed: (1) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with the occurrence of active shootings in schools; (2) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with suspensions and expulsions in schools; (3) to identify if urban/non-urban, economic, and racial disparities exist between implementation of safety tactics and policies, suspensions and expulsions, and active shootings in schools. This will be accomplished through a nationally representative, population-based, case-control study comparing hundreds of case schools that experienced active shootings and randomly selected control schools that have not experienced such events using a common epidemiological incidence density sampling technique over a two-decade study period. Case schools will be ascertained via five well-established national databases that will be linked and harmonized to detail all US K–12 schools that experienced active mass shootings or attempted mass shootings. Four control schools will be randomly selected from two national databases of all US K–12 schools and matched to each case school based on state, urban/non-urban, and elementary/middle/high school status. School safety plans, principal surveys, and field visits will be used to determine tactics and policies in place at both case and control schools currently and during the school year before each case school's active shooting event and linked to data on school suspensions and expulsions. Other school, neighborhood, and local covariates will also be accounted for in conditional logistic regression models. Results will newly inform school policies and practices to reduce mass violence and promote healthy experiences for children across disparate communities.

项目摘要/摘要 大规模暴力，尤其是在学校中涉及积极枪击事件的大规模暴力，是一种重要而持续的公共卫生 在美国的威胁。这些悲剧对民族心理和个别公民的负面影响， 无论他们是否直接参与这些枪击事件，都是公众的最大关注，尤其是对于儿童而言。 正在实施改善学校安全和缓解恐惧的策略和政策，但还没有 经过科学测试，可能会带来意想不到的后果。此外，健康差异可能正在增长 学区根据与学校安全无关的因素对这些策略和政策不同， 包括学校人口统计和纪律处分，例如停学和驱逐。提议 研究团队已经对暴力和学校健康以及试点案进行了大量研究 - 学校安全策略和防止主动枪击事件的政策的控制研究，证明了 更大的研究。鉴于此，拟议的研究的广泛目标是进行首次全国范围的研究 学校安全策略和政策（例如，金属探测器，锁定入口和教室，学校资源 军官，主动射击训练，恐慌按钮等）及其对主动枪击事件的潜在影响 在美国跨不同类型学校的学生纪律处分。在追求这一点时，特定于三个关键 目标将完成：（1）确定安全策略和政策的总数和特定类型是否为 与学校发生主动枪击事件有关； （2）确定总数和特定的 安全策略和政策的类型与学校的停学和驱逐有效； （3）确定是否 在实施安全策略和政策之间存在城市/非城市，经济和种族分布， 停赛和驱逐出境，以及学校的积极枪击事件。这将通过全国范围 代表性的，基于人群的案例对照研究，比较了数百所经历的案例学校 主动枪击和随机选择的控制学校，这些学校没有使用 在两个十年的研究期间，常见的流行病学发生率密度采样技术。案例学校 将通过五个公认的国家数据库来确定，这些数据库将链接并协调以详细介绍所有 美国K – 12学校经历了积极的大规模枪击事件或未遂大规模枪击事件。四所控制学校 将从美国所有K – 12学校的两个国家数据库中随机选择，并与每种情况匹配 基于州，城市/非城市和小学/中/高中的学校。学校安全计划， 主要调查和现场访问将用于确定案例和控制的策略和政策 目前以及在每个案例学校举办射击活动之前的学年和学年，与 有关学校停学和驱逐的数据。其他学校，社区和当地协变量也将是 在有条件的逻辑回归模型中解释。结果将新向学校政策和惯例提供信息 减少大规模暴力并促进各个社区儿童的健康经历。