A Nationwide Case-Control Study of Firearm Violence Prevention Tactics and Policies in K-12 Schools

K-12 学校枪支暴力预防策略和政策的全国病例对照研究

• 批准号: 10841282
• 负责人: CHARLES C. BRANAS
• 金额: $ 4.79万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10841282
• 关键词: Case/Control Studies; Child; Communities; Data; Databases; Disparate; Epidemiology; Event; Fright; Incidence; Individual; Link; Logistic Regressions; Metals; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Panic; Policies; Public Health; Random Allocation; Research; Resources; Safety; Sampling; Schools; Students; Surveys; Suspensions; Techniques; Testing; Training; Violence; Visit; active shooter; demographics; density; detector; economic disparity; educational atmosphere; experience; gun violence; health disparity; high school; improved; innovation; mass shooting; population based; prevent; racial disparity; school district; school health; violence prevention

Project Summary/Abstract Mass violence, especially involving active shootings in schools, is a significant and persistent public health threat in the US. The negative impact of these tragedies on the national psyche and individual citizens, whether they are directly involved in these shootings or not, is a top public concern, particularly for children. Tactics and policies to improve school safety and assuage fears are being implemented, but have not been scientifically tested and may have unintended consequences. Moreover, health disparities may be growing as school districts differentially use these tactics and policies based on factors unrelated to school safety, including school demographics and disciplinary actions such as suspensions and expulsions. The proposed research team has conducted substantial prior research on violence and school health as well as a pilot case- control study of school safety tactics and policies to prevent active shootings, demonstrating the feasibility of a larger study. Given this, the broad objective of the proposed study is to conduct the first nationwide study of school safety tactics and policies (e.g., metal detectors, locked entrances and classrooms, school resource officers, active shooter trainings, panic buttons, and others) and their potential impact on active shootings and student disciplinary action across disparate types of schools in the US. In pursuing this, three key specific aims will be completed: (1) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with the occurrence of active shootings in schools; (2) to determine if the total number and specific types of safety tactics and policies are associated with suspensions and expulsions in schools; (3) to identify if urban/non-urban, economic, and racial disparities exist between implementation of safety tactics and policies, suspensions and expulsions, and active shootings in schools. This will be accomplished through a nationally representative, population-based, case-control study comparing hundreds of case schools that experienced active shootings and randomly selected control schools that have not experienced such events using a common epidemiological incidence density sampling technique over a two-decade study period. Case schools will be ascertained via five well-established national databases that will be linked and harmonized to detail all US K–12 schools that experienced active mass shootings or attempted mass shootings. Four control schools will be randomly selected from two national databases of all US K–12 schools and matched to each case school based on state, urban/non-urban, and elementary/middle/high school status. School safety plans, principal surveys, and field visits will be used to determine tactics and policies in place at both case and control schools currently and during the school year before each case school's active shooting event and linked to data on school suspensions and expulsions. Other school, neighborhood, and local covariates will also be accounted for in conditional logistic regression models. Results will newly inform school policies and practices to reduce mass violence and promote healthy experiences for children across disparate communities.

项目概要/摘要 大规模暴力，特别是学校内的枪击事件，是一个重大且持续的公共卫生问题 这些悲剧对美国国民心理和个人的负面影响。 他们是否直接参与了这些枪击事件，是公众尤其是儿童最关心的问题。 改善学校安全和缓解恐惧的策略和政策正在实施，但尚未落实 此外，健康差异可能会随着科学测试而扩大。 学区根据与学校安全无关的因素不同地使用这些策略和政策， 包括学校人口统计数据和纪律处分，例如停学和开除。 研究小组之前对暴力和学校健康以及试点案例进行了大量研究 对防止枪击事件发生的学校安全策略和政策进行控制研究，论证了预防枪击事件的可行性 鉴于此，拟议研究的总体目标是开展首次全国性研究。 学校安全策略和政策（例如金属探测器、上锁的入口和教室、学校资源 警官、主动射击训练、紧急按钮等）及其对主动射击等的潜在影响） 美国不同类型学校的学生纪律处分 为实现这一目标，采取了三个关键的具体措施。 将完成的目标： (1) 确定安全策略和政策的总数和具体类型是否 与学校发生的枪击事件相关；（2）确定总数和具体数量 与学校停学和开除相关的安全策略和政策类型；(3) 确定是否 安全策略和政策的实施之间存在城市/非城市、经济和种族差异， 停学、开除以及学校内的枪击事件将通过全国范围内的行动来实现。 代表性的、基于人群的病例对照研究，比较了数百所经历过的案例学校 活跃的枪击事件和随机选择的对照学校，这些学校没有经历过此类事件，使用 十年研究期间常见的流行病学发病率密度抽样技术。 将通过五个完善的国家数据库来确定，这些数据库将被链接和协调以详细说明所有 经历过大规模枪击事件或未遂大规模枪击事件的美国 K-12 学校 四所对照学校。 将从所有美国 K-12 学校的两个国家数据库中随机选择并与每个案例进行匹配 学校基于州、城市/非城市和小学/初中/高中的学校安全计划， 主要调查和实地考察将用于确定案例和控制方面的策略和政策 目前的学校以及每个案例学校发生枪击事件之前的学年，并与 有关学校停课和开除的数据也将包含在内。 条件逻辑回归模型中的结果将为学校政策和实践提供新的信息。 减少大规模暴力并促进不同社区儿童的健康体验。