Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms Underlying Stress Vulnerability during Adolescence

青春期压力脆弱性背后的神经发育机制

• 批准号: 10687187
• 负责人: Katie McLaughlin
• 金额: $ 172.72万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10687187
• 关键词: Acceleration; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Behavior; Behavioral; Cellular Phone; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cues; Development; Developmental Process; Dorsal; Emotional; Emotions; Etiology; Exposure to; Female; Frequencies; Goals; Grain; Individual; Institution; Institutionalization; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Negative Valence; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Onset of illness; Pattern; Performance; Phenotype; Physical activity; Positive Valence; Prevention; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Shapes; Social Behavior; Social Processes; Specificity; Stress; Stressful Event; Symptoms; System; Technology; Telephone; Text; Theoretical model; Time; Variant; Ventral Striatum; Violence; Work; Youth; cognitive control; cohort; design; digital; emotional stimulus; experience; improved; innovation; longitudinal design; negative affect; neglect; neural; neural circuit; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; peer; prevent; prospective; response; sex; sleep behavior; sleep quality; sleep quantity; smartphone based device; social; social engagement; social media; wearable device

PROJECT SUMMARY Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) is involved in the etiology of most forms of psychopathology, and SLEs occurring early in development are particularly strong predictors of mental health problems. Most adolescent disorder onsets are temporally preceded by a major SLE. Yet, the mechanisms linking SLEs to the onset of adolescent psychopathology remain poorly understood. Prior research on mechanisms linking SLEs with youth mental disorders has focused largely on severe forms of adversity like abuse, neglect, and institutionalization. It is unknown whether similar mechanisms are involved in the link between less severe SLEs and psychopathology. Perhaps more critically, existing work has relied largely on cross-sectional between-subjects designs that compare children with exposure to some type of SLE to children without that experience. There is a dearth of longitudinal studies examining how SLEs influence emotion, cognition, behavior, and neural circuits within-individuals over time in ways that predict the emergence of psychopathology. The proposed research addresses this gap, using a novel methodological approach that permits examination of dynamic changes in emotion, cognition, social behavior, and neural function and connectivity following SLEs at a sufficiently fine grained level of temporal specificity to identify mechanisms underlying the link between SLEs and adolescent psychopathology as they unfold in real time. Specifically, the project will examine how monthly fluctuations in exposure to SLEs within-individuals predict subsequent changes in emotional processing in the Negative and Positive Valence Systems, Cognitive Control, Social Processes, and neural function and connectivity over a 12-month period. In addition to monthly assessments of SLEs, psychopathology, and potential mechanisms, passive monitoring of activity, sleep, and social behavior (e.g., interaction with peers through text and social media) through smartphones and wearable devices will allow additional mechanisms to be assessed passively and without subject burden. The study will investigate whether monthly variation in these emotional, cognitive, social, and neural processes predicts later increases in internalizing and externalizing problems in an accelerated cohort design with monthly assessments spanning age 11-18 years, producing 1,680 monthly observations over the study period. The longitudinal design and high-frequency assessments are innovative in allowing the identification of mechanisms that are altered by SLEs and prospectively predict psychopathology with high temporal specificity during a developmental period associated with increases in SLE exposure, stress vulnerability, and risk for psychopathology. Study findings will provide critical information regarding the specific domains of emotion, cognition, social behavior, and neural function that are altered by exposure to SLEs and increase vulnerability to psychopathology. These mechanisms represent modifiable targets for interventions to prevent the onset of stress-related psychopathology in children and adolescents.

项目摘要 暴露于压力大的生活事件（SLE）参与了大多数心理病理学的病因，SLE 在开发初期发生的是心理健康问题的特别有力预测指标。大多数青少年 在时间上，疾病的发作之前是大型SLE。然而，将SLE连接到发作的机制 青少年的心理病理学仍然了解不足。先前研究将SLE与青年联系起来的机制 精神障碍主要集中在严重的逆境上，例如虐待，忽视和制度化。 尚不清楚是否在不太严重的SLE和 心理病理学。也许更重要的是，现有的工作主要依赖于横截面间。 设计将暴露于某种类型的SLE的儿童与没有这种经验的儿童相比。有 缺乏纵向研究，研究了SLE如何影响情绪，认知，行为和神经回路 随着时间的流逝，以预测精神病理学出现的方式。拟议的研究 使用一种新颖的方法学方法来解决这一差距，该方法允许检查动态变化 SLE之后的情绪，认知，社会行为以及神经功能以及连通性 时间特异性的粒状水平，以识别SLE与青少年之间联系的基础机制 他们实时展开的心理病理学。具体而言，该项目将研究每月的波动 暴露于个人内部的SLE预测，在负面和 积极的价系统，认知控制，社会过程以及神经功能以及连通性 12个月。除了每月对SLE，心理病理学和潜在机制的评估， 被动监测活动，睡眠和社会行为（例如，通过文本和社会与同行的互动 媒体）通过智能手机和可穿戴设备将允许被动评估其他机制 而且没有主题负担。该研究将调查这些情绪，认知的每月变化， 社会和神经过程预测，以后会增加内在化和外在化问题 加速队列设计，每月评估为11-18岁，每月产生1,680 研究期间的观察。纵向设计和高频评估是创新的 在允许识别SLE改变的机制并前瞻性预测 在与增加相关的发育期间，具有高时间特异性的心理病理学 SLE暴露，压力脆弱性和心理病理学风险。研究发现将提供关键信息 关于情感，认知，社会行为和神经功能的特定领域。 暴露于SLE并增加了精神病理学的脆弱性。这些机制代表可修改 采取干预措施的目标，以防止儿童和青少年与压力相关的心理病理学发作。